Table 3 Result of the multiple beta-binomial mixed-effects model adjusted by time-dependent covariates for the Activity component of the SGRQ questionnaire over time
From: Predictive factors over time of health-related quality of life in COPD patients
SGRQ |  |  | β | SD(β) | P | OR | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activity | Intercept |  | 3.998 | 0.248 | < 0.001 | – | – |
Time | (years) | −0.027 | 0.009 | 0.002 | 0.973 | (0.956–0.990) | |
Age | (5 years) | −0.140 | 0.012 | < 0.001 | 0.869 | (0.850–0.889) | |
FEV1 | (100 ml) | −0.040 | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.961 | (0.952–0.970) | |
RV% | (9%) | 0.011 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 1.011 | (1.004–1.017) | |
DLCO% | (11%) | −0.057 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | 0.944 | (0.929–0.961) | |
Handgrip | (5 kg) | −0.065 | 0.010 | < 0.001 | 0.937 | (0.919–0.955) | |
6mWT | (25 m) | − 0.065 | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.937 | (0.927–0.947) | |
Smoking | (10 pack/y) | 0.024 | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 1.024 | (1.013–1.036) | |
BMI | < 25 | – | – | – | – | – | |
25–30 | 0.153 | 0.042 | < 0.001 | 1.165 | (1.073–1.265) | ||
> 30 | 0.158 | 0.047 | < 0.001 | 1.171 | (1.068–1.285) | ||
PA | < 2 h/week | – | – | – | – | – | |
2–4 h/week | −0.280 | 0.062 | < 0.001 | 0.755 | (0.669–0.854) | ||
> 4 h/weeka | −0.363 | 0.061 | < 0.001 | 0.696 | (0.618–0.784) | ||
Work/intense | −0.558 | 0.068 | < 0.001 | 0.572 | (0.501–0.654) | ||
CCI | 0–1 | – | – | – | – | – | |
> 1 | 0.096 | 0.036 | 0.007 | 1.101 | (1.026–1.180) | ||
Treatmentb | 0–1 out of LABA/LAMA | – | – | – | – | – | |
2 out of LABA/LAMA/ICS | 0.177 | 0.059 | 0.003 | 1.193 | (1.062–1.340) | ||
LABA+LAMA+ICS | 0.136 | 0.051 | 0.008 | 1.146 | (1.036–1.267) | ||
Previous hospitalizations | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | |
1 | 0.102 | 0.043 | 0.021 | 1.108 | (1.016–1.208) | ||
2 | 0.299 | 0.066 | < 0.001 | 1.348 | (1.184–1.535) | ||
3 | 0.281 | 0.098 | 0.004 | 1.325 | (1.094–1.604) | ||
>  3 | 0.307 | 0.079 | < 0.001 | 1.360 | (1.165–1.587) | ||
Sigmac |  | 0.945 | 0.030 | – | – | – |