Skip to main content

Table 2 Clinical characteristics at baseline

From: Risk stratification and prognostic factors in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and comorbidities a cross-sectional cohort study with survival follow-up

Characteristics

Complete dataset

(n = 142)

PAH

(n = 90)

PAH with comorbidities

(n = 52)

p-value between groups

Mean ± SD or n (%)

n

Mean ± SD or n (%)

n

Mean ± SD or n (%)

n

Age [years]

63.3 ± 14.7

 

59.0 ± 15.7

 

70.8 ± 8.7

 

< 0.0001

Vital signs

 Heart rate [/min]

79 ± 14

 

79 ± 13

 

78 ± 12

 

0.70

 Oxygen saturation SaO2 [%]

94.7 ± 2.7

106

95.6 ± 2.4

62

93.6 ± 3.3

44

0.001

WHO-FC no. [%]

      

0.021

 II

25 (20.2%)

 

22 (29.0%)

 

3 (6.3%)

  

 III

84 (67.7%)

 

48 (63.2%)

 

36 (75.0%)

  

 IV

15 (12.1%)

 

6 (7.8%)

 

9 (18.7%)

  

Laboratory

 NT-proBNP [ng/l]

2334 ± 3270

104

2063 ± 3427

65

2786 ± 2976

39

0.26

 Creatinine [mg/dl]

1.04 ± 0.42

141

0.93 ± 0.39

89

1.24 ± 0.4

52

< 0.0001

 GFR [ml/min/1.73m2]

69.52 ± 24.99

136

77.41 ± 24.96

86

55.95 ± 18.52

50

< 0.0001

 Ferritin [μg/l]

194.8 ± 188.5

77

177.7 ± 151

47

221.4 ± 236.1

30

0.33

6MWT

 6MWD [m]

332.6 ± 127.7

111

372.6 ± 115.5

67

271.8 ± 122.3

44

< 0.0001

Lung function tests

 DLCOsb [%]

48.4 ± 21.8

124

53.5 ± 21.7

77

40.0 ± 19.4

47

0.001

 TLC [%]

90.5 ± 20.5

136

90.2 ± 21.1

85

90.9 ± 19.7

51

0.85

 FEV1 [%]

83.9 ± 23.2

138

83.2 ± 26.0

86

85.0 ± 17.7

 

0.62

Right heart catheterization at rest

 RAP [mmHg]

7.9 ± 4.8

104

7.1 ± 4.4

63

9.2 ± 5.2

41

0.033

 mPAP [mmHg]

43.2 ± 11.7

 

43.1 ± 12.0

 

43.4 ± 11.2

 

0.88

 Cardiac output [l/min]

4.6 ± 1.2

126

4.6 ± 1.3

79

4.4 ± 1.1

47

0.36

 Cardiac index [l/min/m2]

2.4 ± 0.6

117

2.5 ± 0.6

72

2.3 ± 0.5

44

0.035

 PAWP [mmHg]

9.6 ± 3.1

136

9.3 ± 3.2

84

10.2 ± 2.9

 

0.084

 PVR [dyn*s*cm−5]

648 ± 326

135

655 ± 351

84

635 ± 284

51

0.71

 SvO2 [%]

65.5 ± 8.6

95

66.0 ± 9.3

58

62.0 ± 6.8

37

0.020

Echocardiography

 RA [cm2]

20.4 ± 6.3

136

19.2 ± 6.3

85

22.4 ± 5.9

51

0.003

 RV [cm2]

24.2 ± 7.0

138

23.5 ± 7.2

87

25.4 ± 6.6

51

0.13

 sPAP [mmHg]

63.5 ± 19.5

140

62.6 ± 20.11

88

65.2 ± 18.4

52

0.43

 TAPSE [cm]

1.9 ± 0.5

139

1.97 ± 0.53

88

1.90 ± 0.56

51

0.47

 LV-EI

1.28 ± 0.25

113

1.3 ± 0.2

74

1.3 ± 0.3

39

0.85

RV pump function no. [%]

 normal

22 (15.8%)

 

19 (21.8%)

 

3 (5.9%)

  

 mild impairment

15 (10.8%)

 

7 (8.0%)

 

8 (15.7%)

  

 moderate impairment

28 (20.1%)

 

15 (17.2%)

 

13 (25.5%)

  

 severe impairment

74 (53.3%)

 

46 (53.0%)

 

28 (52.9%)

  
  1. SaO2 oxygen saturation, WHO-FC World Health Organization Functional Class, NT-proBNP n-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, GFR glomerular filtration rate, 6MWT/D 6-min walking test/distance, DLCOsb diffusion capacity of the lung single breath, TLC total lung capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, RAP right atrial pressure, mPAP mean pulmonary arterial pressure, PAWP pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, SvO2 mixed venous oxygen saturation, RA right atrial, RV right ventricular, sPAP systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, LV-EI left ventricular eccentricity index