High-dose intranasal application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces the systemic uptakes and allergic airway inflammation in asthmatic mice

Table 1 The physicochemical characterizations of titanium dioxide NPs

Property	TiO₂
Crystalline structure	Mixture of anatase and rutile with predominantly anatase structure
Primary particle size	21 nm
Hydrodynamic diameter	185 ± 18 nm
Form	Nanopowder
Surface area	35–65 m² /g
Density	4.26 g/mL at 25 °C

ISSN: 1465-993X