From: Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort
Age at Basine, years Patient characteristics* | Europea (n = 101) | USAb (n = 99) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Female | 37 (36.7%) | 33 (33.3%) | 0.6 |
Age at Baseline, years | 65 [50–81] | 66 [51–93] | 0.2 |
Smoking status | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 Current | 30 (29.7%) | 26 (26.8%) |  |
 Former | 54 (53.5%) | 67 (69%) |  |
 Non-smoker | 17 (16.8%) | 4 (4.1%) |  |
Smoking history, pack-years | 31 [0–90] | 51 [0–128] | 1.0E-06 |
Years of COPD | 9 [1–32] | 11 [1–34] | 0.02 |
Years of severe COPD | 4 [1–15] | 7 [1–33] | 5.0E-04 |
GOLDcstage | Â | Â | 0.9 |
 Mild | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) |  |
 Moderate | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |  |
 Severe | 69 (68.3%) | 66 (68.8%) |  |
 Very Severe | 29 (28.7%) | 28 (29.2%) |  |
FEV1d | 39 [17–85] | 37 [13–71] | 0.1 |
Frequent exacerbatore | 18 (17.8%) | 29 (29.3%) | 0.06 |
Exacerbations per year | 1.1 [0–11.8] | 1.7 [0–12.1] | 0.05 |
Congestive heart failure | 28 (27.7%) | 16 (16.2%) | 0.06 |
Diabetes | 25 (24.8%) | 29 (29.9%) | 0.4 |
Hypertension | 61 (60.4%) | 70 (72.1%) | 0.08 |
Malignancy | 2 (2%) | 5 (5.1%) | 0.2 |