Fig. 4

Effects of Epac regulators on the proliferation and apoptosis of ASMCs. Mouse ASMCs were cultured in 10% FBS-containing DMEM and treated with 0, 1, 10, 100 μM 8pCPT or ESI-09 in 96-well plates. The proliferation rate was analysed after 24, 48 and 72 h by CCK-8 assays (a). Flow cytometry assays were conducted to detect cells in apoptotic stage at 48 h. Representative dot plots of ASMCs treated with 0, 1, 10, 100 μM 8pCPT or ESI-09 were exhibited (b). The apoptotic rates were expressed as the percentages of Annexin V-FITC⁺/PI⁻ cells (c). Relative expressions of caspase-3 and survivin were measured by qPCR (d) and Western blot (e). Actin was used as a loading control. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ^***P < 0.001; ^**P < 0.01; ^*P < 0.05