Table 4 The difference of patient characteristics, pulmonary function, and serum markers between survivors and non-survivors

 Age

74 (62 to 86)

75 (64 to 86)

74 (62 to 85)

1.113

 Sex

66

32

34

3.333

 Man (%)

83.54%

76.19%

91.89%

 Smoking history

61

31

30

1.428

  Yes (%)

77.22%

73.81%

81.08%

 Current smoker

13

7

6

1.128

  Yes (%)

16.46%

16.67%

14.29%

33.25 ± 38.39

31.20 ± 35.24

37.76 ± 42.36

 High fever

43

23

20

  Yes (%)

54.43%

54.76%

54.05%

 Sore throat

35

22

13

  Yes (%)

44.13%

52.38%

35.14%

 Worsening cough

50

27

23

  Yes (%)

63.29%

64.28%

62.16%

 Worsening dyspnea

75

39

36

  Yes (%)

94.94%

92.85%

97.29%

Pre-existing CF-IIPs

0.409

 IPF

59

33

26

 UCIP

20

9

11

Prior treatment

2.793

 No treatment

47

28

19

 Corticosteroid

9

4

5

 Corticosteroid + IS

6

2

4

 Pirfenidone

9

5

4

 Nintedanib

4

2

2

 Corticosteroid + Nintedanib

4

1

3

Clinical AE-IIPs types

13.138

 Idiopathic

34

12

22

 Infection-triggered

25

20

5

 Non-infection-triggered

20

10

10

HRCT patterns at AE-IIPs onset

16.011

 Diffuse

34

9

25

 Multifocal

14

12

2

 Peripheral

31

21

10

 P/F ratio

168 (83.2 to 344.1)

n = 79

246 (103 to 362)

n = 42

132 (67 to 339)

n = 37

11.510

 VC (%)

2.49 (1.33 to 3.05)

n = 39

2.43 (0.95 to 3.45)

n = 23

2.58 (1.87 to 3.45)

n = 16

2.329

 VC (L)

70.70 (44.60 to 90.22)

n = 39

69.55 (38.50 to 93.55)

n = 23

71.21 (48.63 to 99.74)

n = 16

0.655

 FVC (%)

2.35 (0.94 to 3.01)

n = 39

2.35 (0.89 to 3.45)

n = 23

2.38 (1.84 to 3.47)

n = 16

2.212

 FVC (L)

65.55 (39.85 to 84.02)

n = 39

65.33 (35.58 to 86.82)

n = 23

67.51 (50.20 to 86.00)

n = 16

1.084

 DLco (mL/min/mmHg)

7.29 (3.85 to 11.35)

n = 30

7.63 (4.33 to 11.76)

n = 16

6.79 (3.68 to 11.45)

n = 14

0.080

 DLco (%)

29.90 (16.55 to 40.02)

n = 30

31.5 (17.68 to 51.08)

n = 16

26.35 (15.75 to 44.70)

n = 14

0.356

 KL-6 (IU/L)

1117 (572 to 2701)

n = 79

1086 (569 to 2882)

n = 42

1166 (583 to 2585)

n = 37

28.571

 SP-D (mg/dL)

364 (45 to 2711)

n = 63

362 (148 to 987)

n = 36

370 (76 to 1382)

n = 27

1.612

 LDH (IU/L)

365 (193 to 539)

n = 79

350 (249 to 539)

n = 42

368 (228 to 540)

n = 37

5.586

 WBC (/μL)

10,700 (6300 to 15,400)

n = 79

10,690 (5960 to 15,900)

n = 42

11,300 (8600 to 14,600)

n = 37

4.037

 CRP (mg/dL)

8.5 (0.7 to 25)

n = 79

7.5 (1.98 to 24.65)

n = 42

8.8 (1.86 to 21.76)

n = 37

37.037

 Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

0.12 (0.01 to 0.74)

n = 70

0.12 (0.01 to 0.74)

n = 38

0.10 (0.01 to 0.68)

n = 32

1.021

 D-dimer (mg/dL)

3.6 (1.38 to 74.2)

n = 74

3.1 (1.27 to 17.18)

n = 41

4.9 (1.88 to 33.32)

n = 33