|  | Patients with asthma | Patients without asthma | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | ||||
 Number of patients |  | 17,952 (16.3) | 92,466 (83.74) |  |
 Gender, n (%) | Male | 6391 (35.6) | 38,509 (42.0) |  |
Female | 11,560 (64.4) | 53,995 (58.4) | < 0.001 | |
 Age at ALRTI (years) | Mean (SD) | 49.1 (17.3) | 50.1 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
 IMD quintile, n (%) | 1 (Least) | 1909 (20.5) | 10,699 (21.8) |  |
2 | 1862 (20.0) | 10,133 (20.6) | Â | |
3 | 1876 (20.2) | 9746 (19.8) | Â | |
4 | 1805 (19.4) | 9164 (18.7) | Â | |
5 (Most) | 1849 (19.9) | 9403 (19.1) | 0.02 | |
 Smoking status, n (%) | Never smoker | 6971 (38.8) | 36,596 (39.6) |  |
Smoker | 7973 (44.4) | 43,989 (47.6) | Â | |
Previous | 3008 (16.8) | 11,875 (12.8) | < 0.001 | |
Clinical factors | ||||
 Number of infections, n |  | 20,990 (16.4) | 106,986 (83.6) |  |
 Season of infection | Summer | 39,315 (36.8) | 7648 (36.4) |  |
Winter | 67,671 (63.3) | 13,342 (63.6) | 0.39 | |
 Number (%) of ALRTI in prior 12 months | Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
0 | 17,737 (84.5) | 93,279 (87.2) | Â | |
1 | 2535 (12.1) | 10,820 (10.1) | Â | |
2+ | 718 (3.4) | 2887 (2.7) | < 0.001 | |
 Multimorbidity score at index infectionc, n (%) | Mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
0 | 7003 (33.4) | 43,529 (40.7) | Â | |
1 | 4803 (22.9) | 24,257 (22.7) | Â | |
2 | 3484 (16.6) | 16,575 (15.5) | Â | |
3+ | 5700 (27.2) | 22,625 (21.2) | < 0.001 | |
 Number (%) of asthma medications prescribed in previous 12 monthsd, | Mean (SD) | 8.2 (8.5) | 0.5 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
0 | – | 101,210 (94.6) |  | |
1–6 | 11,797 (56.2) | 5010 (4.7) |  | |
7+ | 9193 (43.8) | 766 (0.7) | < 0.001 | |
 Number (%) of antibiotics prescribed in previous 12 monthse | Mean (SD) | 2.5 (2.8) | 1.7 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
0 | 2807 (13.4) | 17,734 (16.6) | Â | |
1 | 6471 (30.8) | 48,091 (45) | Â | |
2 | 4461 (21.3) | 20,852 (19.5) | Â | |
3+ | 7251 (34.6) | 20,309 (19) | < 0.001 | |
Practice factors | ||||
 Practice ALRTI antibiotic prescribingf, per 1000 patients | Mean (SD) | 801.6 (67.1) | 798.0 (68.0) | < 0.001 |