Fig. 4

TGF-β induced translocation of the NF-κB protein from cytoplasm to nucleus. a and b Analyses of NF-κB (p65) at the mRNA level (a) or protein level (b) in A549 cells treated by 0 or 5 ng/ml of TGF-β with or without overexpression of YY1. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot were used, respectively. c Localization of NF-κB protein in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of A549 cells under normal condition. d Analysis of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of A549 cells treated by 0 or 5 ng/ml of TGF-β with or without overexpression of YY1. Western blot was performed. Histone served as a marker for nucleus lysates. β-actin served as a marker for cytoplasm lysates. e immunofluorescence staining of A549 cells with antibody against the NF-κB p65 protein to indicate distribution of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Representative cells with relocalization of NF-κB to the nucleus were indicated with arrows in red. f Quantitative analysis of the cells with NF-κB positive in the nucleus in (e). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01