Fig. 4

Time to first moderate or severe exacerbation. CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FULFIL Lung FUnction and quality of LiFe assessment in COPD with closed trIpLe therapy, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, IMPACT InforMing the PAthway of COPD Treatment, LABA long-acting β₂ agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist, NR not reported, TIO tiotropium. Hazard ratios for time to first moderate or severe exacerbation with triple therapy compared with comparators