Computed tomography-derived area and density of pectoralis muscle associated disease severity and longitudinal changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study

Table 4 The pulmonary outcome as determined by the combined PMA (in cm²) and PMD (in HU) groups in cross-sectional analyzes

	Pectoralis muscle area & density
	Adjusted mean	Adjusted differences in mean relative to the high-high group
	High (Tertile 3)– High (Tertile 3)^a	High (Tertile 3)– Low (Tertile 1–2)^b	Low (Tertile 1–2)– High (Tertile 3)^b	Low (Tertile 1–2)– Low (Tertile 1–2)^b
N	44	54	54	141
FVC, L	2.95 ± 0.13	−0.10 (− 0.36 to 0.16)	−0.20 (− 0.47 to 0.06)	−0.20 (− 0.43 to 0.04)
FVC, % predicted	107.85 ± 4.02	−8.23 (− 15.99 to − 0.48)	−7.16 (− 15.22 to 0.90)	−8.77 (− 15.89 to − 1.66)
FEV₁, L	1.91 ± 0.10	−0.10 (− 0.29 to 0.08)	−0.27 (− 0.46 to − 0.08)	−0.32 (− 0.49 to − 0.15)
FEV₁, % predicted	94.12 ± 4.03	− 9.45 (− 17.23 to − 1.67)	−12.00 (− 20.09 to − 3.92)	− 15.42 (− 22.56 to − 8.29)
FEV₁/FVC	0.64 ± 0.02	− 0.02 (− 0.05 to 0.01)	−0.05 (− 0.08 to − 0.01)	−0.06 (− 0.09 to − 0.03)
mMRC	2.00 ± 0.23	0.29 (− 0.15 to 0.72)	0.10 (− 0.35 to 0.55)	0.11 (− 0.29 to 0.51)
CAT score	21.59 ± 1.93	3.37 (− 0.35 to 7.10)	2.58 (− 1.29 to 6.45)	2.12 (− 1.30 to 5.53)
Emphysema index	3.17 ± 1.32	3.37 (0.82 to 5.91)	2.99 (0.36 to 5.62)	4.13 (1.79 to 6.47)
Mean wall area %	70.43 ± 1.01	−0.42 (− 2.37 to 1.53)	−0.64 (− 2.66 to 1.38)	0.23 (− 1.57 to 2.02)

The model was adjusted for age, gender, smoking, pack-years, BMI and history of acute exacerbation
Each pectoralis muscle subclass (area and density) was characterised in tertiles (highest tertile as reference)
Abbreviations: CAT chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, PMA pectoralis muscle area; PMD, pectoralis muscle density
^aMean ± SEM (standard error of the mean)
^bβ; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values)

ISSN: 1465-993X