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Table 3 The pulmonary outcome as determined by the pectoralis muscle density (PMD, in HU) in a cross-sectional analysis

From: Computed tomography-derived area and density of pectoralis muscle associated disease severity and longitudinal changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study

 

Adjusted mean

Adjusted difference in mean relative to tertile 3

   

Tertile 3 (highest)a

Tertile 2b

Tertile 1 (lowest)b

P trend

Continuous β (95% CI), per 10 HU increaseb

P

N

98

98

97

   

PMD, median (min-max)

50.66 (47.80 to 58.88)

44.90 (41.65 to 47.73)

37.60 (10.33–41.55)

   

FVC, L

2.94 ± 0.12

− 0.05 (− 0.23 to 0.14)

− 0.08 (− 0.28 to 0.13)

0.462

0.07 (− 0.04 to 0.19)

0.207

FVC, % predicted

105.18 ± 3.57

−3.7 (−9.24 to 1.85)

−6.82 (− 13.05 to −0.59)

0.031

4.64 (1.18 to 8.10)

0.009

FEV1, L

1.88 ± 0.08

− 0.09 (− 0.22 to 0.05)

− 0.14 (− 0.29 to 0.01)

0.063

0.14 (0.06 to 0.23)

0.001

FEV1, % predicted

90.65 ± 3.59

−5.47 (−11.10 to 0.15)

− 10.28 (− 16.60 to − 3.97)

0.001

8.56 (5.12 to 12.00)

< 0.001

FEV1/FVC

0.64 ± 0.02

− 0.02 (− 0.04 to 0.01)

− 0.03 (− 0.06 to − 0.01)

0.018

0.04 (0.02 to 0.05)

< 0.001

mMRC

2.04 ± 0.20

0.1 (− 0.21 to 0.41)

0.14 (− 0.21 to 0.49)

0.431

−0.17 (− 0.37 to − 0.02)

0.077

CAT score

21.80 ± 1.69

0.81 (−1.86 to 3.47)

1.76 (−1.23 to 4.75)

0.247

−1.82 (−3.48 to −0.16)

0.032

Emphysema index

4.14 ± 1.17

2.05 (0.22 to 3.88)

2.80 (0.73 to 4.86)

0.007

−2.50 (−3.62 to −1.38)

< 0.001

Mean wall area %

70.11 ± 0.83

0.17 (−1.23 to 1.56)

0.66 (−0.91 to 2.24)

0.413

−0.16 (−1.03 to 0.71)

0.717

  1. The model was adjusted for age, gender, smoking, pack-years, BMI, and acute exacerbation
  2. Each pectoralis muscle subclass was characterised in tertiles (highest tertile as reference)
  3. Abbreviations: CAT chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, PMD pectoralis muscle density
  4. aMean ± SEM (standard error of the mean)
  5. bβ; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values)