Computed tomography-derived area and density of pectoralis muscle associated disease severity and longitudinal changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study

Table 2 The pulmonary outcome as determined by the pectoralis muscle area (PMA, in cm²) in a cross-sectional analysis

	Adjusted mean	Adjusted difference in mean relative to tertile 3
	Tertile 3 (highest)^a	Tertile 2^b	Tertile 1 (lowest)^b	P-trend	Continuous β (95% CI), per 10 cm² increase^b	P
N	98	98	97
PMA (cm²), median (min–max)	34.20 (29.83–56.42)	26.63 (23.44 to 29.82)	19.34 (8.31–23.44)
FVC, L	2.94 ± 0.12	−0.11 (−0.30 to 0.07)	−0.25 (− 0.48 to − 0.02)	0.036	0.17 (0.04 to 0.29)	0.008
FVC, % predicted	105.18 ± 3.57	−2.61 (−8.25 to 3.04)	−8.18 (−15.26 to −1.10)	0.026	4.47 (0.73 to 8.21)	0.019
FEV₁, L	1.88 ± 0.08	−0.22 (− 0.36 to − 0.09)	− 0.33 (− 0.50 to − 0.16)	< 0.001	0.21 (0.12 to 0.30)	< 0.001
FEV₁, % predicted	90.65 ± 3.59	−8.04 (−13.72 to −2.36)	−13.82 (− 20.95 to − 6.69)	< 0.001	8.02 (4.27 to 11.77)	< 0.001
FEV₁/FVC	0.64 ± 0.02	− 0.04 (− 0.07 to − 0.02)	− 0.06 (− 0.09 to − 0.03)	< 0.001	0.04 (0.02 to 0.05)	< 0.001
mMRC	2.04 ± 0.20	− 0.13 (− 0.44 to 0.19)	0.21 (− 0.18 to 0.61)	0.358	− 0.14 (− 0.35 to 0.07)	0.200
CAT score	21.80 ± 1.69	− 0.68 (− 3.35 to 1.99)	3.97 (0.62 to 7.33)	0.033	−1.49 (−3.28 to 0.31)	0.104
Emphysema index	4.14 ± 1.17	1.36 (− 0.49 to 3.22)	4.14 (1.80 to 6.49)	0.001	−2.58 (−3.82 to − 1.34)	< 0.001
Mean wall area %	70.39 ± 0.90	0.21 (− 1.21 to 1.64)	0.08 (−1.73 to 1.89)	0.915	−0.28 (− 1.24 to 0.68)	0.563

The model was adjusted for age, gender, smoking, pack-years, BMI and history of acute exaacerbation
Each pectoralis muscle subclass was characterised in tertiles (highest tertile as reference)
Abbreviations: CAT chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, PMA pectoralis muscle area
^aMean ± SEM (standard error of the mean)
^bβ; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values)

ISSN: 1465-993X