Covariate | Direct costs | Indirect cots | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic model | Extended model | Basic model | Extended model | ||
Exp(beta) (CI 95%) | Exp(beta) (CI 95%) | Exp(beta) (CI 95%) | Exp(beta) (CI 95%) | ||
Intercept | 2349.13 (2236.80-2467.10) | 2047.55 (1937.01-2164.19) | 4225.11 (3770.26-4734.82) | 3425.83 (2959.28-3965.95) | |
GOLD | Grade 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Grade 2 | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | |
Grade 3 | 1.46 (1.41–1.51) | 1.45 (1.40–1.50) | 1.33 (1.19–1.49) | 1.36 (1.21–1.52) | |
Grade 4 | 2.18 (2.06–2.32) | 2.29 (2.16–2.43) | 1.64 (1.37–1.96) | 1.74 (1.45–2.09) | |
Age (years) | < 55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
55–64 | 1.34 (1.28–1.40) | 1.17 (1.12–1.23) | 1.96 (1.80–2.14) | 1.85 (1.70–2.02) | |
65–74 | 1.57 (1.50–1.64) | 1.26 (1.20–1.32) | – | – | |
> 74 | 1.81 (1.73–1.89) | 1.39 (1.32–1.46) | – | – | |
Sex | Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | |
Income | % income < €5.000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
% income€5000 < €10,000 | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 3.20 (2.85–3.59) | 3.18 (2.83–3.57) | |
% income €10,000 < €15,000 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 2.14 (1.87–2.46) | 2.14 (1.87–2.45) | |
% income €15,000 < €20,000 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) | 1.46 (1.26–1.68) | 1.49 (1.29–1.38) | |
% income €20,000 < €30,000 | 0.81 (0.77–0.87) | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) | 1.17 (1.03–1.31) | 1.23 (1.09–1.38) | |
% income €30,000 < €50,000 | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | 1.00 (0.89–1.14) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | |
% income ≥ €50.000 | 0.84 (0.74–0.96) | 0.88 (0.78–1.00) | 1.01 (0.78–1.32) | 1.04 (0.80–1.35) | |
Smoking status | Never smokers or former smokers (quit > 8 years ago) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Current smokers | 0.91 (0.89–0.94) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | |||
Former smokers (quit within the last 8 years) | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) | 1.03 (0.91–1.15) | |||
Weight | Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Underweight | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) | 1.24 (0.97–1.57) | |||
Overweight | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | |||
Obese | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | |||
Comorbidities | Diabetes | 1.32 (1.29–1.36) | 1.22 (1.11–1.35) | ||
Stroke | 1.30 (1.27–1.34) | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | |||
Infarction | 1.51 (1.46–1.57) | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | |||
Cancer | 1.38 (1.35–1.42) | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | |||
Arthritis | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) |