Table 2 Characteristics of the study population
GOLD grade 1 | GOLD grade 2 | GOLD grade 3 | GOLD grade 4 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 12,053 (30.7%) | 18,119 (46.1%) | 7383 (18.8%) | 1752 (4.5%) | |
Age (years) | 70.0 (11.7) | 70.1 (10.8) | 70.0 (9.8) | 67.8 (9.2) | < 0.0001 |
Age > 74 years | 4900 (40.7%) | 6980 (38.5%) | 2587 (35.0%) | 438 (25.0%) | < 0.0001 |
Age 65–74 years | 3448 (28.6%) | 5666 (31.3%) | 2636 (35.7%) | 682 (38.9%) | |
Age 55–64 years | 2443 (20.3%) | 4016 (22.2%) | 1733 (23.5%) | 506 (28.9%) | |
Age < 55 | 1262 (10.5%) | 1457 (8.0%) | 427 (5.8%) | 126 (7.2%) | |
Female | 6319 (52.4%) | 8268 (45.6%) | 2701 (36.6%) | 577 (32.9%) | < 0.0001 |
income < €5.000 | 2915 (24.2%) | 4222 (23.3%) | 1600 (21.7%) | 382 (21.8%) | < 0.0001 |
income€5000 < €10,000 | 3920 (32.5%) | 6140 (33.9%) | 2740 (37.1%) | 713 (40.7%) | |
income €10,000 < €15,000 | 2486 (20.6%) | 3868 (21.4%) | 1595 (21.6%) | 333 (19.0%) | |
income €15,000 < €20,000 | 944 (7.8%) | 1416 (7.8%) | 544 (7.4%) | 113 (6.5%) | |
income €20,000 < €30,000 | 1020 (8.5%) | 1383 (7.6%) | 497 (6.7%) | 112 (6.4%) | |
income €30,000 < €50,000 | 669 (5.6%) | 936 (5.2%) | 360 (4.9%) | 76 (4.3%) | |
income ≥ €50.000 | 99 (0.8%) | 154 (0.9%) | 47 (0.6%) | 23 (1.3%) | |
Current smokers | 3143 (26.1%) | 5822 (32.1%) | 2631 (35.6%) | 600 (34.3%) | < 0.0001 |
Former smokers (quit within the last 8 years) | 1343 (11.1%) | 2451 (13.5%) | 1327 (18.0%) | 402 (23.0%) | |
Never smokers or former smokers (quit > 8 years ago) | 7567 (62.8%) | 9846 (54.3%) | 3425 (46.4%) | 750 (42.8%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 (5.8) | 29.3 (6.2) | 27.9 (6.2) | 26.1 (6.1) | < 0.0001 |
Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 2578 (21.4%) | 4254 (23.5%) | 2243 (30.4%) | 681 (38.9%) | < 0.0001 |
Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 4523 (37.5%) | 6370 (35.2%) | 2449 (33.2%) | 517 (29.5%) | |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 4834 (40.1%) | 7247 (40.0%) | 2397 (32.5%) | 408 (23.3%) | |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 118 (1.0%) | 248 (14.4%) | 294 (4.00%) | 146 (8.3%) | |
Diabetes | 4306 (35.7%) | 6669 (36.8%) | 2574 (34.9%) | 481 (27.5%) | < 0.0001 |
Stroke | 3509 (29.1%) | 5444 (30.1%) | 2055 (27.8%) | 406 (23.2%) | < 0.0001 |
Myocardial infarction | 1430 (11.9%) | 2371 (13.1%) | 1069 (14.5%) | 244 (13.9%) | < 0.0001 |
Cancer | 3612 (30.00%) | 5708 (31.5%) | 2318 (31.4%) | 470 (26.8%) | < 0.0001 |
Arthritis | 1853 (15.4%) | 2462 (13.6%) | 824 (11.2%) | 145 (8.3%) | < 0.0001 |