Table 3 Factors possibly affecting the diagnostic yield of EBUS-GS in patients with pulmonary emphysema
Variables | Success (n = 91) | Failure (n = 38) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 72 (64–76) | 70 (65–75) | 0.351 |
Male gender | 88 (97) | 38 (100) | 0.555 |
Mean diameter of the lung lesion, mm | 29 (23–39) | 23 (17–37) | 0.008 |
Severity of pulmonary emphysema | |||
Mild | 55 (60) | 15 (40) | 0.029 |
Moderate or severe | 36 (40) | 23 (60) | |
Distance from pleura to lung lesion, mm | 8 (0–27) | 0 (0–23) | 0.231 |
Pulmonary function test | |||
FEV1, % predicted value | 80 (64–89) | 77 (70–92) | 0.953 |
FVC, % predicted value | 81 (74–89) | 84 (73–91) | 0.468 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 69 (60–75) | 67 (60–75) | 0.614 |
Lesion location | |||
Right upper lobe | 27 (30) | 9 (24) | 0.570 |
Right middle lobe | 9 (10) | 3 (8) | |
Right lower lobe | 23 (25) | 8 (21) | |
Left upper division | 16 (18) | 6 (16) | |
Left lingular division | 3 (3) | 4 (11) | |
Left lower lobe | 13 (14) | 8 (21) | |
Bronchus sign | |||
Positive | 87 (96) | 15 (40) | < 0.001 |
Negative | 4 (4) | 23 (60) | |
Character of lesion on CT | |||
Solid | 81 (89) | 35 (92) | 1.000 |
Mixed | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
Ground-glass opacity | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
Cavitary | 8 (9) | 3 (8) | |
EBUS finding | |||
Within lesion | 87 (96) | 19 (50) | < 0.001 |
Adjacent to or outside lesion | 4 (4) | 19 (50) | |