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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population

From: Circulating ESM-1 levels are correlated with the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Variables

Controls

(n = 43)

OSA

non-CAD (n = 117)

CAD (n = 68)

P value

Male, n (%)

29 (67.44%)

97 (82.91%)

61 (89.70%)

0.207

Ages (years)

48.4 ± 16.1

45.6 ± 11.7

56.3 ± 9.9

<0.001**

Smoke, n (%)

14 (32.56%)

39 (33.30%)

47 (69.12%)

<0.001**

Alcohol, n (%)

6 (13.93%)

28 (23.93%)

39 (57.35%)

<0.001**

BMI (kg/m2)

23.77 ± 3.78

27.83 ± 4.51

27.06 ± 3.27

0.184

SBP (mmHg)

120 (110–129)

128 (120–136)

123 (118–132.5)

0.115

DBP (mmHg)

74 (69–80)

81 (74–90)

76.5 (70–89)

0.001*

TC (mmol/l)

4.73 ± 1.06

5.09 (4.40–5.95)

4.16 (3.47–4.95)

<0.001**

TG (mmol/l)

1.47 (0.99–2.16)

1.54 (1.11–2.10)

1.40 (1.06–1.73)

0.132

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.23 (1.08–1.50)

1.20 (1.00–1.38)

1.06 (0.87–1.20)

0.029*

LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.72 ± 1.08

3.27 ± 0.96

2.53 ± 0.88

<0.001**

FBG (mmol/l)

5.13 ± 1.30

5.60 ± 1.63

5.94 ± 1.64

0.088

ALT (mmol/l)

20 (13–27)

24.50 (16–37)

27 (22–37)

0.144

AST (mmol/l)

20.49 ± 4.98

24.39 ± 12.26

27.26 ± 12.42

0.053

Creatinine (mmol/l)

61 (54.1–74.6)

70.65 (60.2–79.05)

67.55 (60.28–79.08)

0.656

Uric acid (mmol/l)

331.30 ± 79.64

408.27 ± 100.13

370.34 ± 90.33

0.012*

Homocysteine (umol/l)

9.9 (8.5–15.0)

11.55 (9.10–15.05)

11.8 (9.45–16.10)

0.547

CRP (mg/l)

0.82 (0.27–2.12)

1.58 (0.75–2.97)

1.32 (0.5–3.95)

0.389

ESM-1(pg/ml)

304.24 (114.48–628.32)

585.46 (423.61–812.56)

1279.01 (918.52–1770.71)

< 0.001**

AHI

2.80 (1.6–3.70)

37.5 (20.5–60.4)

31.05 (21.88–45.70)

< 0.001**

LSaO2(%)

92 (91–93)

80 (68.5–86)

85 (75.5–88)

< 0.001**

MSaO2(%)

97 (95.8–97.07)

96 (95.2–97)

93 (93–95)

0.062

ODI

1.50 (0–2.65)

9.3 (2.38–91.8)

36.1 (26.35–54.25)

< 0.001**

Longest apnea time(s)

23.00 (0–39.00)

36.2 (24.5–76.75)

76 (41.5–107)

< 0.001**

MAD(s)

24 (18.75–27)

27 (19–35.9)

27 (22.95–31.85)

< 0.001**

CT90(%)

0 (0–0.10)

5.8 (0.5–26.5)

14.5 (0.8–34.3)

< 0.001**

Arl

10.65 (4.58–15.8)

29.9 (18.3–46.5)

35.6 (22.4–48.5)

< 0.001**

ESS

7 (4–10)

12 (8–15)

8 (4–11)

0.003*

cIMT (mm)

0.95 ± 0.21

1.17 ± 0.27

1.32 ± 0.34

0.023*

  1. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or n (%). Differences between non-CAD group and CAD group were analyzed by the independent Student t test, χ2 text, or Wilcoxon test
  2. BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL-C High density lipoprotein, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein, FBG Fasting blood glucose, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, CRP C reactive protein, AHI Apnea-hypopnea index, LSaO2 Lowest oxygen saturation, MSaO2 Mean oxygen saturation, ODI Oxygen desaturation index, MAD Mean apnea–hypopnea duration, CT90 Percentage of cumulative time with oxygen saturation below 90%, ArI Arousal index, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale
  3. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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