Fig. 3
From: Systemic Immuno-metabolic alterations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Changes in plasma inflammatory cytokine levels in healthy smokers and COPD subjects. Plasma cytokine levels of IFN-γ (a), IL-5 (b), IL-17 (c), IL-9 (d), TNF-α (e) and IFN-α (f) were measured as described in the material and methods section in 15 HNS, 12 HS and nine TS-COPD subjects. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 as compared using the Mann-Whitney U test