Fig. 3

Biological skin aging is accelerated in individuals with pulmonary emphysema. a Elasticity-determined skin age was visualized using linear regression modelling of VE against age following stratification for the presence or absence of visually-assessed pulmonary emphysema. b Enlarged view of regression model that depicts the linear intercept of VE (value 3.5) with ‘Emphysema’ (green arrow) and ‘No Emphysema’ (purple arrow), the distance between arrows highlights the difference in years between the two groups (Δ). c Subjects with visually-assessed pulmonary emphysema had lower skin elasticity at a given chronological age compared to current or former smokers without emphysema, consistent with an increased biological age of skin in the emphysema group. Legend: VE; skin elasticity; Δ, delta/difference