Fig. 4

Multivariate modeling showed strong association of Haemophilus and Moraxella with host transcriptome and proteome profiles. a A host-microbiome interaction network illustrating significant associations among the 9 most abundant bacterial genera and Shannon diversity, tPCs and pPCs in GLMM. Each edge indicates a significant association (FDR P ≤ 0.05) colored by direction. The edge weight corresponds to the significance of the P-value. The size of the node is proportional to the number of significant associations involving the node. b GSEA enrichment scores of the top pathways on the loadings of each tPC. For each tPC, the top 10 positively and negatively enriched pathways (FDR P ≤ 0.01) were included in the heatmap. Pathways were clustered using complete clustering and colored by their clustering groups. The functional categories of the pathways are overall in agreement with their clustering groups. c Top loadings of each pPC. For each pPC, the top 6 proteins by magnitude of loadings were included in the heatmap