From: Role of PM2.5 in the development and progression of COPD and its mechanisms
 | Urban (Wuhan) | Rural (Haokou) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
No. subjects | 1372 | 1843 | Â |
<40y, No. subjects/Total(%) | 191/1372 (13.9) | 226/1843 (12.3) | Â |
≥40y, No. subjects/Total(%) | 1181/1372 (86.1) | 1617/1843 (87.7) | 0.17 |
Gender | |||
 Male, n/T(%) | 1013/1372 (73.8) | 1294/1843 (79.2) |  |
 Female, n/T(%) | 359/1372 (26.2) | 549/1843 (20.8) | 0.02 |
Smoking status | |||
 Smoking(>0), n/T (%) | 352/1372 (25.7) | 1097/1843 (59.5) |  |
 Never smoking (=0), n/T (%) | 1020/1372 (74.3) | 746/1843 (40.5) | < 0.001 |
 Smoking(≥10), n/T (%) | 259/1372 (18.9) | 1000/1843 (54.3) |  |
 Smoking(<10), n/T (%) | 1113/1372 (81.1) | 843/1843 (45.7) | < 0.001 |
Smoking amount, pack-year (mean ± SD) | |||
 Total | 6.2 ± 15.1 | 20.8 ± 27.6 | < 0.001 |
 Smoking(>0) | 24.3 ± 21.3 | 35.1 ± 28.1 | < 0.001 |
 Never smoking(=0) | 0 | 0 | Not Applicable |
 Smoking(≥10) | 31.4 ± 20.6 | 38.0 ± 27.7 | < 0.001 |
 Smoking(<10) | 0.4 ± 1.5 | 0.5 ± 1.8 | 0.18 |
Lung function | |||
  Total, n/T (%) | 1372/1372 (100) | 1843/1843 (100) |  |
  FVC, ml (mean ± SD) | 3.37 ± 0.83 | 3.40 ± 0.82 | 0.31 |
 FEV1, ml (mean ± SD) | 2.73 ± 0.71 | 2.68 ± 0.76 | 0.057 |
 FEV1/FVC, % (mean ± SD) | 81.22 ± 8.10 | 78.31 ± 10.45 | < 0.001 |
 Smoking(>0), n/T (%) | 352/1372 (25.7) | 1097/1843 (59.5) |  |
 FVC, ml (mean ± SD) | 3.97 ± 0.73 | 3.51 ± 0.84 | < 0.001 |
 FEV1, ml (mean ± SD) | 3.08 ± 0.69 | 2.68 ± 0.81 | < 0.001 |
 FEV1/FVC, % (mean ± SD) | 77.55 ± 9.80 | 75.33 ± 11.18 | < 0.001 |
 Never smoking (=0), n/T (%) | 1020/1372 (74.3) | 746/1843 (40.5) |  |
 FVC, ml (mean ± SD) | 3.17 ± 0.76 | 3.23 ± 0.77 | 0.1 |
 FEV1, ml (mean ± SD) | 2.61 ± 0.68 | 2.68 ± 0.68 | 0.03 |
 FEV1/FVC, % (mean ± SD) | 82.49 ± 6.99 | 82.71 ± 7.32 | 0.52 |
 Smoking(≥10), n/T (%) | 259/1372 (18.9) | 1000/1843 (54.3) |  |
 FVC, ml (mean ± SD) | 3.89 ± 0.69 | 3.48 ± 0.83 | < 0.001 |
 FEV1, ml (mean ± SD) | 2.95 ± 0.63 | 2.64 ± 0.80 | < 0.001 |
 FEV1/FVC, % (mean ± SD) | 75.74 ± 10.18 | 74.85 ± 11.13 | 0.24 |
 Smoking(<10), n/T (%) | 1113/1372 (81.1) | 843/1843 (45.7) |  |
 FVC, ml (mean ± SD) | 3.25 ± 0.81 | 3.30 ± 0.81 | 0.18 |
 FEV1, ml (mean ± SD) | 2.68 ± 0.72 | 2.73 ± 0.70 | 0.12 |
 FEV1/FVC, % (mean ± SD) | 82.50 ± 6.94 | 82.42 ± 7.80 | 0.81 |
COPD morbidity | |||
 Total, n/T (%) | 92/1372 (6.7) | 229/1834 (12.5) | < 0.001 |
 Smoking(>0), n/T (%) | 52/352 (14.8) | 208/1097 (19.0) | 0.075 |
 Never smoking (=0), n/T (%) | 40/1020 (3.9) | 21/746 (2.8) | 0.21 |
 Smoking(≥10), n/T (%) | 49/259 (18.9) | 203/1000 (20.3) | 0.62 |
 Smoking(<10), n/T (%) mm | 43/1113 (3.9) | 26/843 (3.1) | 0.36 |