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Fig. 3 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 3

From: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease upper airway microbiota alpha diversity is associated with exacerbation phenotype: a case-control observational study

Fig. 3

Alpha diversity is associated with exacerbation phenotype. Linear mixed models were constructed with diversity score as the response variable; site, phenotype, and their interactions as fixed effects; and subject as a random effect. a. Sputum samples had lower Shannon diversity scores than oral wash samples (p = 0.001). Frequent exacerbators had lower Shannon diversity scores than infrequent exacerbators (p < 0.001). The interaction of site and phenotype was 0.22. b. Sputum samples had lower Simpson diversity scores than oral was samples (p = 0.009). Frequent exacerbators had lower Simpson diversity scores than infrequent exacerbators (p = 0.006). The interaction of site and phenotype (p = 0.15) was not statistically significant, although there was some evidence for a difference. These potential associations warrant further study

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