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Fig. 2 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 2

From: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease upper airway microbiota alpha diversity is associated with exacerbation phenotype: a case-control observational study

Fig. 2

Exacerbation phenotype is not associated with bacterial biomass. 16S rRNA gene copies were determined using quantitative PCR. Negative control samples contained significantly fewer 16S copies than subjects’ oral wash and sputum samples. Sputum contained a greater number of 16S rRNA gene copies than did oral wash samples (linear mixed model with Bonferroni-Holm correction, p = 0.004). Exacerbation phenotype was not associated with 16S rRNA gene copy number changes, although frequent exacerbator sputum samples exhibited greater variability than infrequent exacerbator sputum samples

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