Effect of tiotropium inhaler use on mortality in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung: based on linkage between hospital and nationwide health insurance claims data in South Korea

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in tiotropium and non-tiotropium groups

	Tiotropium group	Non-tiotropium group	P value	SDM
Patients number	193	770
Age (years)	63.1 ± 10.3	60.8 ± 13.4	0.011	0.190
Male sex	142 (73.6)	513 (66.6)	0.064	0.153
Body mass index, kg/m²	21.3 ± 3.6	21.3 ± 3.7	0.871	0.013
Ever-smokers	124 (64.2)	433 (56.2)	0.044	0.164
mMRC dyspnea scale			< 0.001	0.821
- 0	27 (14.0)	378 (49.1)
- 1	76 (39.4)	196 (25.5)
- 2	48 (24.9)	97 (12.6)
- 3	26 (13.5)	63 (8.2)
- 4	16 (8.3)	36 (4.7)
Charlson Comorbidity Index	2.1 ± 1.6	2.1 ± 2.2	0.785	0.020
Concomitant asthma	31 (16.1)	45 (5.8)	< 0.001	0.332
Concomitant COPD	126 (65.3)	162 (21.0)	< 0.001	0.998
ICS/LABA usage^a	96 (49.7)	29 (3.8)	< 0.001	1.215
Pulmonary function tests
FEV₁, % predicted	40.4 ± 14.3	62.7 ± 22.9	< 0.001	1.166
FVC, % predicted	60.3 ± 18.0	69.0 ± 21.0	< 0.001	0.445
FEV₁/FVC ratio, %	51.7 ± 16.6	69.2 ± 16.9	< 0.001	1.045
DLco, % predicted^b	50.9 ± 21.4	61.0 ± 20.3	< 0.001	0.481
X-ray severity (0 to 6)	3.5 ± 1.3	2.8 ± 1.4	< 0.001	0.485
Long-term oxygen therapy	35 (18.1)	39 (5.1)	< 0.001	0.417

Data are presented as means ± standard deviation or number of patients (%), unless otherwise indicated
Abbreviations: mMRC modified Medical Research Council, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICS/LABA inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-2 agonist, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, DLco diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
^aAmong 125 patients who received ICS/LABA, 70.6% of patients received fluticasone/salmeterol, and 29.4% of patients received budesonide/formoterol
^bAvailable in 343 patients in non-tiotropium group and 79 patients in tiotropium group

ISSN: 1465-993X