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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stratified by diabetes mellitus status (N = 4231)

From: Metformin use mitigates the adverse prognostic effect of diabetes mellitus in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Characteristic

Total

DM

Without DM

P value‡

N = 4231

N = 556

N = 3675

Age, years

72.0 ± 10.4

73.4 ± 9.3

71.8 ± 10.6

< 0.001

  ≥ 65

3188 (75)

451 (81)

2737 (75)

0.001

Male gender

3525 (83)

456 (82)

3069 (84)

0.378

BMI (N = 3634; 527; 3107)

23.3 ± 3.9

24.6 ± 4.2

23.1 ± 3.8

< 0.001

  < 18.5

372 (10)

32 (6.1)

340 (11)

< 0.001

 18.5–24

1760 (48)

217 (41)

1543 (50)

 

  > 24

1502 (41)

278 (53)

1224 (39)

 

GOLD stage

 1

1273 (30)

148 (27)

1125 (31)

0.090

 2

1987 (47)

271 (49)

1716 (47)

 

 3

818 (19)

122 (22)

696 (19)

 

 4

153 (3.6)

15 (2.7)

138 (3.8)

 

Comorbidity

 Hypertension

1578 (37)

343 (62)

1235 (34)

< 0.001

 Cerebrovascular disease

328 (7.8)

67 (12)

261 (7.1)

< 0.001

 Heart failure

423 (10)

104 (19)

319 (8.7)

< 0.001

 Coronary artery disease

801 (19)

183 (33)

618 (17)

< 0.001

 Malignancy

581 (14)

97 (17)

484 (13)

0.006

 Chronic kidney disease

274 (6.5)

84 (15)

190 (5.2)

< 0.001

Hospitalization, No.a

0.04 ± 0.27

0.04 ± 0.22

0.05 ± 0.27

0.752

  ≥ 1

150 (3.5)

21 (3.8)

129 (3.5)

0.751

  1. BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
  2. aWithin 1 year after the index date
  3. ‡ Comparison between patient groups with and without DM