Characteristic | Total | DM | Without DM | P value‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 4231 | N = 556 | N = 3675 | ||
Age, years | 72.0 ± 10.4 | 73.4 ± 9.3 | 71.8 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 |
  ≥ 65 | 3188 (75) | 451 (81) | 2737 (75) | 0.001 |
Male gender | 3525 (83) | 456 (82) | 3069 (84) | 0.378 |
BMI (N = 3634; 527; 3107) | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 24.6 ± 4.2 | 23.1 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
  < 18.5 | 372 (10) | 32 (6.1) | 340 (11) | < 0.001 |
 18.5–24 | 1760 (48) | 217 (41) | 1543 (50) |  |
  > 24 | 1502 (41) | 278 (53) | 1224 (39) |  |
GOLD stage | ||||
 1 | 1273 (30) | 148 (27) | 1125 (31) | 0.090 |
 2 | 1987 (47) | 271 (49) | 1716 (47) |  |
 3 | 818 (19) | 122 (22) | 696 (19) |  |
 4 | 153 (3.6) | 15 (2.7) | 138 (3.8) |  |
Comorbidity | ||||
 Hypertension | 1578 (37) | 343 (62) | 1235 (34) | < 0.001 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 328 (7.8) | 67 (12) | 261 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
 Heart failure | 423 (10) | 104 (19) | 319 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
 Coronary artery disease | 801 (19) | 183 (33) | 618 (17) | < 0.001 |
 Malignancy | 581 (14) | 97 (17) | 484 (13) | 0.006 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 274 (6.5) | 84 (15) | 190 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization, No.a | 0.04 ± 0.27 | 0.04 ± 0.22 | 0.05 ± 0.27 | 0.752 |
  ≥ 1 | 150 (3.5) | 21 (3.8) | 129 (3.5) | 0.751 |