Table 1 Risk of cancer associated with CF and the role of CFTR in oncogenesis
Organ | Cancer type | Role of CFTR | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
Airways | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Low expression of CFTR is associated with advanced stage, distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Overexpression of CFTR inhibits cell migration and tissue invasion. | [136] |
Non-small cell lung cancer | Loss of CFTR expression is observed in NSCLC cells. Increased methylation of the CFTR gene is associated with poor prognosis in young patients. | [100] | |
Non-small cell lung cancer | Reduced CFTR expression is associated with advanced stage and metastasis. CFTR overexpression leads to the suppression of cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. | [101] | |
Lung squamous cell carcinoma | Reduced CFTR expression increases metastasis | [137] | |
Other types of lung cancer | The F508del mutation plays a protective role in terms of lung cancer risk. | [138] | |
Intestine | Colorectal cancer | CFTR knockout enhances malignancy in mice, due to activation of the ERK-1/2 pathway and a reduction in epithelial tightness. | [139] |
Colorectal cancer | Loss of CFTR expression leads to tumour development in the mouse gut. Reduced CFTR expression is associated with a poor prognosis for CRC patients. | [104] |