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Table 6 Multivariable analysis of the associations between clinical variables and spirometry results, Pneumolaus study, 2014-2017, Lausanne, Switzerland

From: GLI 2012 equations define few spirometric anomalies in the general population: the PneumoLaus study

 

Chronic obstruction

p-value

Reversible obstruction

p-value

Possible restriction

p-value

Age (per year)

1.009 (0.989–1.028)

0.383

0.986 (0.964–1.009)

0.236

0.997 (0.971–1.024)

0.852

Gender (ref = woman)

1.589 (1.074–2.350)

0.02

1.187 (0.751–1.877)

0.463

1.796 (1.037–3.112)

0.037

Smoking status (ref = never)

3.495 (2.185–5.589)

< 0.001

2.734 (1.654–4.519)

< 0.001

0.534 (0.300–0.951)

0.033

Second-hand tobacco (ref = no)

 Before age 18

0.693 (0.467–1.028)

0.068

0.496 (0.305–0.806)

0.005

1.169 (0.679–2.014)

0.573

 As an adult

1.496 (0.991–2.259)

0.055

1.142 (0.717–1.818)

0.575

0.618 (0.349–1.092)

0.097

Other smoke / fumes (ref = no)

0.799 (0.484–1.320)

0.382

0.750 (0.399–1.409)

0.371

1.874 (1.012–3.470)

0.046

Chronic cough (ref = no)

0.822 (0.333–2.025)

0.670

0.637 (0.175–2.324)

0.495

0.558 (0.100–3.104)

0.505

Chronic sputum production (ref = no)

3.907 (1.524–10.01)

0.005

2.392 (0.578–9.895)

0.229

1.846 (0.303–11.25)

0.506

Dyspnoea (ref = MRC < 2)

1.869 (0.665–5.250)

0.235

1.435 (0.319–6.467)

0.638

6.868 (2.309–20.43)

0.001

Self-reported diagnosis of (ref = no)

 Asthma

4.709 (2.745–8.077)

< 0.001

5.09 (2.760–9.386)

< 0.001

2.719 (1.172–6.308)

0.020

 Chronic bronchitis, emphysema or COPD

9.637 (4.801–19.35)

< 0.001

1.876 (0.413–8.523)

0.415

NA

 

 Any other pulmonary disease

1.479 (0.385–5.688)

0.569

1.193 (0.207–6.872)

0.843

7.844 (2.597–23.70)

< 0.001

Previous lung operation (ref = no)

2.409 (0.425–13.67)

0.321

9.572 (2.046–44.78)

0.004

6.738 (1.682–26.99)

0.007

  1. NA not assessable. Results are expressed as relative risk ratio and (95% confidence interval) using normal spirometry as the reference. The group “chronic obstruction” also contains the subjects with both “chronic obstruction and possible restriction”. The group “reversible obstruction” also contains the subject with both “reversible obstruction and possible restriction”