From: GLI 2012 equations define few spirometric anomalies in the general population: the PneumoLaus study
Chronic obstruction | p-value | Reversible obstruction | p-value | Possible restriction | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (per year) | 1.009 (0.989–1.028) | 0.383 | 0.986 (0.964–1.009) | 0.236 | 0.997 (0.971–1.024) | 0.852 |
Gender (ref = woman) | 1.589 (1.074–2.350) | 0.02 | 1.187 (0.751–1.877) | 0.463 | 1.796 (1.037–3.112) | 0.037 |
Smoking status (ref = never) | 3.495 (2.185–5.589) | < 0.001 | 2.734 (1.654–4.519) | < 0.001 | 0.534 (0.300–0.951) | 0.033 |
Second-hand tobacco (ref = no) | ||||||
Before age 18 | 0.693 (0.467–1.028) | 0.068 | 0.496 (0.305–0.806) | 0.005 | 1.169 (0.679–2.014) | 0.573 |
As an adult | 1.496 (0.991–2.259) | 0.055 | 1.142 (0.717–1.818) | 0.575 | 0.618 (0.349–1.092) | 0.097 |
Other smoke / fumes (ref = no) | 0.799 (0.484–1.320) | 0.382 | 0.750 (0.399–1.409) | 0.371 | 1.874 (1.012–3.470) | 0.046 |
Chronic cough (ref = no) | 0.822 (0.333–2.025) | 0.670 | 0.637 (0.175–2.324) | 0.495 | 0.558 (0.100–3.104) | 0.505 |
Chronic sputum production (ref = no) | 3.907 (1.524–10.01) | 0.005 | 2.392 (0.578–9.895) | 0.229 | 1.846 (0.303–11.25) | 0.506 |
Dyspnoea (ref = MRC < 2) | 1.869 (0.665–5.250) | 0.235 | 1.435 (0.319–6.467) | 0.638 | 6.868 (2.309–20.43) | 0.001 |
Self-reported diagnosis of (ref = no) | ||||||
Asthma | 4.709 (2.745–8.077) | < 0.001 | 5.09 (2.760–9.386) | < 0.001 | 2.719 (1.172–6.308) | 0.020 |
Chronic bronchitis, emphysema or COPD | 9.637 (4.801–19.35) | < 0.001 | 1.876 (0.413–8.523) | 0.415 | NA | |
Any other pulmonary disease | 1.479 (0.385–5.688) | 0.569 | 1.193 (0.207–6.872) | 0.843 | 7.844 (2.597–23.70) | < 0.001 |
Previous lung operation (ref = no) | 2.409 (0.425–13.67) | 0.321 | 9.572 (2.046–44.78) | 0.004 | 6.738 (1.682–26.99) | 0.007 |