GLI 2012 equations define few spirometric anomalies in the general population: the PneumoLaus study

Respiratory Research

Table 2 Respiratory risk factors according to spirometry results. PneumoLaus study, 2014–2017, Lausanne, Switzerland

Question	Overall	Normal spirometry	Chronic obstruction	Reversible obstruction	Possible restriction	p-value
N	3342	3070	128	83	61
Smoking status:						< 0.001
Never	1662 (49.7)	1574 (51.3)	25 (19.5)	24 (28.9)	39 (63.9)
Former	1075 (32.2)	975 (31.8)	49 (38.3)	37 (44.6)	14 (23.0)
Current	605 (18.1)	521 (17.0)	54 (42.2)	22 (26.5)	8 (13.1)
Ever smoker (%)	1680 (50.3)	1496 (48.7)	103 (80.5)	59 (71.1)	22 (36.1)	< 0.001
Mean pack years ^§ǂ	20 [10–30]	19 [10–30]	33 [15–48]	20 [15–35]	25 [10–40]	< 0.001
Second-hand tobacco:
Before age 18	1402 (42.0)	1295 (42.2)	54 (42.2)	26 (31.3)	27 (44.3)	0.253
As an adult	1707 (51.1)	1547 (50.4)	88 (68.8)	48 (57.8)	24 (39.3)	< 0.001
Other smoke / fumes	554 (16.6)	499 (16.3)	25 (19.5)	13 (15.7)	17 (27.9)	0.082
BMI (kg/m²)	26.4 ± 4.7	26.3 ± 4.6 ^a	25.3 ± 4.6 ^a	26.4 ± 4.4 ^a	29.1 ± 6.8 ^b	< 0.001

^§ among ever smokers. BMI body mass index. Results are expressed as number of participants and (column percentage) for categorical variables and as average ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range] for continuous variables. Between-group analysis performed using chi-square test for categorical variables and analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (ǂ) for continuous variables. Post-hoc between-group comparisons of BMI performed using Scheff’s method; values with differing superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.005. The group “chronic obstruction” also contains the subjects with both “chronic obstruction and possible restriction”. The group “reversible obstruction” also contains the subject with both “reversible obstruction and possible restriction”

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