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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients by the length of hospital stay

From: Clinical variables predicting the risk of a hospital stay for longer than 7 days in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective study

Variables

Normal LHS (≤ 7 days) (n = 213)

Prolonged LHS (>  7 days) (n = 224)

p value

Domiciliary medications

   

Age, years

73 [64.5; 78]

72 [64; 78]

0.857

Male, %

82

80

0.637

BMI, kg/m2

27 [24.2; 29.4]

27.6 [23.4; 31.5]

0.486

Smoking habit: Current/Former, %

41/59

39/61

0.598

Pack/year

50 [40; 80]

60 [40; 80]

0.797

FEV1, % predicted

44 [33; 63]

42 [30; 58]

0.126

FEV1/FVC

49.5 [38.7; 62]

49 [36; 62.7]

0.823

GOLD 2017 stages: A/B/C/D, %

32/32/15/21

18/39/12/31

0.015

LTOT, %

22

32

0.013

mMRC dyspnoea grade

2 [1; 3]

2 [1; 4]

0.001

COPD-SS severity questionnaire

13 [8; 18]

14 [9; 19]

0.108

Charlson index

2 [1; 3]

2 [1; 3]

0.750

Ischaemic heart disease, %

11

9

0.501

Congestive heart disease, %

9

18

0.008

Diabetes, %

21

23

0.618

Chronic kidney failure, %

4

7

0.257

Season of admission: Winter/Spring/Summer/Autumn, %

40/14/29/17

45/16/25/14

0.508

Period of admission: years 2009–2011/2012–2104/2015–2017, %

61/31/8

58/30/12

0.463

Previous AECOPDa

0 [0; 1]

0 [0; 2]

0.286

Patients with ≥2 previous AECOPDa, %

24

27

0.501

Previous AECOPD requiring hospitalisationa

0 [0; 1]

0 [0; 1]

0.030

Patients with ≥1 previous AECOPD requiring hospitalisationa, %

28

37

0.029

Onset of symptoms until admission, days

4 [2; 7]

5 [3; 7.75]

0.035

Use of antibiotics previous admission

 In a period of one week before, %

24

23

0.924

 Days of treatment

7 [3; 10]

6 [3; 7]

0.625

 Penicillins/Fluoroquinolones/Macrolides/Cephalosporins/Others, %

30/48/11/2/9

24/40/18/11/7

0.248

 In a period of three months before, %

40

53

0.044

 Penicillins/Fluoroquinolones/Macrolides/Cephalosporins/Others, %

23/63/5/0/9

34/45/10/8/3

0.149

Use of other drugs in a period of two weeks before admission

 Systemic corticosteroids, %

12

13

0.867

 Salbutamol, %

4

14

0.001

 Ipratropium bromide, %

5

13

0.005

 Domiciliary medications

   

 Salbutamol only, %

3

3

0.922

 Anticholinergic only, %

5

5

0.819

 LABA + Anticholinergic, %

2

1

> 0.999

 LABA + ICS, %

3

2

> 0.999

 Anticholinergic + ICS, %

2

1

> 0.999

 LABA + Anticholinergic + ICS, %

36

37

0.828

  1. Data are shown as number of patients (percentage) or medians [1st quartile; 3rd quartile], unless otherwise stated. Percentages are calculated for non-missing data
  2. LABAs include salmeterol, formoterol and indacaterol; Anticholinergics include ipratropium and tiotropium; and ICS include budesonide and fluticasone
  3. aPrevious AECOPD were considered if occurring in a period of the preceding year
  4. Abbreviations: BMI indicates body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD-SS, COPD severity score questionnaire; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the 1st second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β2 agonist; LHS, length of hospital stay; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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