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Table 1 Baseline characteristics overall and stratified by gender and 6-year vital status in CAP

From: Dihydrotestosterone is a predictor for mortality in males with community-acquired pneumonia: results of a 6-year follow-up study

Characteristics

Entire cohort

(N = 285)

MALE (N = 172)

FEMALE (N = 113)

6-year vital status

Survivors

(n = 80)

Non-survivors

(n = 92)

P value

Survivors

(n = 70)

Non-survivors

(n = 43)

p value

Demographics

 Age

71 [57, 81]

65 [46.5, 74.5]

78 [70, 84]

< 0.001

62 [43, 75]

79 [72, 85]

< 0.001

 Male

172 (60.4%)

      

CAP characteristics

 PSI class

  I

32 (11.2%)

12 (15%)

0 (0%)

< 0.001

18 (26%)

2 (5%)

0.004

  II

55 (19.3%)

22 (28%)

5 (5%)

< 0.001

22 (31%)

6 (14%)

0.037

  III

52 (18.2%)

16 (20%)

16 (17%)

0.66

13 (19%)

7 (16%)

0.76

  IV

104 (36.5%)

23 (29%)

45 (49%)

0.007

15 (21%)

21 (49%)

0.002

  V

42 (14.7%)

7 (9%)

26 (28%)

0.001

2 (3%)

7 (16%)

0.011

CURB-65 score

 0

63 (22.1%)

24 (30%)

6 (7%)

< 0.001

27 (39%)

6 (14%)

0.005

 I

67 (23.5%)

20 (25%)

21 (23%)

0.74

21 (30%)

5 (12%)

0.024

 II

82 (28.8%)

22 (28%)

29 (32%)

0.56

11 (16%)

20 (47%)

< 0.001

 III

57 (20.0%)

11 (14%)

27 (29%)

0.014

10 (14%)

9 (21%)

0.36

 IV/V

16 (5.6%)

3 (4%)

9 (10%)

0.12

1 (1%)

3 (7%)

0.12

Comorbidities a

 Coronary heart disease

59 (20.7%)

11 (14%)

34 (37%)

< 0.001

5 (7%)

9 (21%)

0.031

 Congestive heart failure

44 (15.4%)

4 (5%)

25 (27%)

< 0.001

3 (4%)

12 (28%)

< 0.001

 Cerebrovascular insult

28 (9.8%)

4 (5%)

15 (16%)

0.018

5 (7%)

4 (9%)

0.68

 PAOD

17 (6.0%)

5 (6%)

8 (9%)

0.55

2 (3%)

2 (5%)

0.62

 Chronic renal failure

67 (23.5%)

12 (15%)

30 (33%)

0.007

7 (10%)

18 (42%)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

55 (19.3%)

14 (18%)

23 (25%)

0.23

8 (11%)

10 (23%)

0.095

 Neoplastic disease

38 (13.3%)

9 (11%)

23 (25%)

0.021

3 (4%)

3 (7%)

0.54

Clinical history

 Fever

185 (65.1%)

68 (85%)

48 (53%)

< 0.001

45 (64%)

24 (56%)

0.37

 Chills

87 (34.0%)

31 (42%)

23 (29%)

0.086

27 (42%)

6 (15%)

0.006

 Glucocorticoid pretreatment

22 (7.9%)

2 (3%)

13 (14%)

0.008

3 (4%)

4 (10%)

0.27

Clinical findings

 Confusion

20 (7.9%)

4 (5%)

13 (16%)

0.034

0 (0%)

3 (8%)

0.022

 Body temperature, °C

38 [37.2, 38.8]

38.4 [37.5, 39]

38 [37, 38.8]

0.090

37.9 [37.2, 38.6]

37.6 [36.9, 38.6]

0.21

 Breath rate, beaths/min.

20 [16, 25]

20 [16, 24]

24 [18, 28]

0.009

20 [17.00, 24.00]

22 [17, 28]

0.14

 Heart rate, beats/min.

94 [82, 105]

92 [86, 105.5]

95.5 [80, 105]

0.86

95 [82, 109]

93 [82, 100]

0.28

 SBP, mmHg

130 [117, 148]

130.5 [121, 150]

128.5 [104, 150]

0.077

131 [117, 145]

133 [118, 145]

0.96

 Arterial pH

7.46 [7.42, 7.49]

7.46 [7.44, 7.49]

7.44 [7.41, 7.48]

0.095

7.46 (7.43, 7.50)

7.45 (7.40, 7.50)

0.11

 qSOFA (≥ 2)

25 (10.6%)

2 (3%)

18 (25%)

< 0.001

0 (0%)

5 (14%)

0.003

Admission laboratory findings

 CRP, mg/l

132 [65, 252]

145 [78, 240]

110 [55, 252]

0.17

148[105, 284]

121 [62, 234]

0.13

 PCT, mcg/l

0.48 [0.16, 3.20]

0.42 [0.19, 3.56]

0.51 [0.16, 2.60]

0.48

0.72 [0.12, 5.58]

0.32 [0.16, 1.50]

0.52

 Progesterone, nmol/l

0.69 [0.44, 1.43]

0.69 [0.46, 1.57]

0.66 [0.37, 1.06]

0.26

0.88 [0.56, 2.62]

0.73 [0.52, 1.09]

0.13

 17-OH-Progesterone, nmol/l

1.74 [0.87, 3.35]

1.88 [1.08, 3.32]

1.67 [0.96, 3.36]

0.51

1.67 [0.54, 3.50]

1.55 [0.63, 3.18]

0.94

 Aldosterone, nmol/l

0.06 [0.03, 0.20]

0.07 [0.04, 0.22]

0.05 [0.03, 0.18]

0.18

0.05 [0.03, 0.17]

0.08 [0.04, 0.19]

0.43

 DHEA, nmol/l

13.43 [7.73, 209.55]

39.74 [8.8, 409.4]

7.67 [6.27, 142.2]

0.071

21.84 [9.90, 330.01]

11.47 [6.78, 26.52]

0.18

 DHEA-S, nmol/l

2280.09 [836.72, 3660.99]

3975.42 [2837.7, 7960.95]

1193.58 [647.62, 2559.29]

< 0.001

2317.52 [1537.38, 3660.99]

911.44 [379.14, 2506.82]

0.081

 Androstenedione, nmol/l

2.78 [1.36, 4.58]

2.86 [1.29, 4.33]

2.33 [1.24, 4.35]

0.44

3.18 [1.75, 6.24]

2.80 [1.18, 4.78]

0.11

 Testosterone, nmol/l

1.63 [0.49, 4.68]

4.36 [1.98, 6.22]

3.29 [2.04, 6.39]

0.62

0.50 [0.29, 0.70]

0.34 [0.24, 0.56]

0.13

 Dihydrotestosterone, nmol/l

1.31 [0.26, 2.83]

0.91 [0.22, 2.16]

1.59 [1.07, 3.42]

0.11

0.84 [0.42, 2.83]

1.69 [0.18, 3.09]

0.93

  1. Data are presented as median [IQR] or number (percentage); p values are considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Bold values indicate statistical significance. CAP community-acquired pneumonia, CRP C-reactive protein, CURB-65 ‘confusion’, ‘urea > 7 mmol/L’, ‘respiratory rate > 30/min’, ‘blood pressure systolic < 90 mmHg or diastolic < 60 mmHg’, ‘age ≥ 65 years’; DHEA dihydroepiandrosterone, DHEA-S dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate, IQR interquartile range, PAOD peripheral artery occlusive disease, PCT procalcitonin, PSI pneumonia severity index, SBP systolic blood pressure, qSOFA quick sequential organ failure assessment
  2. aComorbidities were identified based on medical records or patient report
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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