Part 1: Characterizing the inflammation | ||||
All COPD subjects (COPD) n = 22 | Ever-smokers with normal LF (EvS) n = 15 | Non-smokers with normal LF (NoS) n = 15 | p | |
Female:Male | 6:16 | 8:7 | 4:11 | |
Agea | 65 ± 7 | 67 ± 6 | 66 ± 8 | NS |
BMIb | 26 ± 3 | 26 ± 2 | 28 ± 5 | NS |
Current:Ex-smokersb | 11:11 | 3:12 | 0:0 | |
Pack-yearsb | 36 ± 14 | 18 ± 9 | 0 | p = 0.0002 COPD vs EvS; p < 0.0001 COPD vs NoS |
FEV1, percent of predicteda | 61.5 ± 17 | 108 ± 19 | 103 ± 17 | p < 0.0001 COPD vs EvS; p < 0.0001 COPD vs NoS; |
FEV1/VC a | 0.53 ± 0.11 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.04 | p < 0.0001 COPD vs EvS; p < 0.0001 COPD vs NoS; |
BAL-recovery, %c | 42 ± 17 | 61 ± 12 | 63 ± 10 | p = 0.0006 COPD vs EvS: p = 0.0001 COPD vs NoS |
Annual decline in FEV1, mla | 57 ± 42 | NA | NA | |
Rapid:Non-rapid declineb | 12:10 | NA | NA | |
Part 2: Separating the effect of smoking from that of COPD | ||||
COPD current smokers (CCuS) n = 11 | COPD ex-smokers (CExS) n = 11 | Ex-smokers with normal LF (ExS) n = 12 | p | |
Female:Malea | 2:9 | 4:7 | 6:6 | |
Agea | 61 ± 5 | 69 ± 6 | 67 ± 7 | p = 0.0048 CCuS vs CExS |
BMIb | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 | NS |
Pack-yearsb | 38 ± 9.3 | 33 ± 18 | 18 ± 9 | p = 0.0444 CCuS vs CExS; p = 0.0158 CExS vs ExS |
FEV1, percent of predicteda | 61 ± 16 | 62 ± 18 | 107 ± 17 | p < 0.0001 CExS vs ExS |
FEV1/VC a | 0.53 ± 0.12 | 0.53 ± 0.12 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | p < 0.0001 CExS vs Exs |
BAL-recovery, %c | 47 ± 17 | 37 ± 17 | 64 ± 7 | p < 0.0001 CExS vs ExS |
Annual decline in FEV1, mla | 73 ± 44 | 39 ± 36 | NA | p = 0.0199 CCuS vs CExS |
Rapid:Non-rapid declineb | 8:3 | 4:7 | NA | |
Part 3: COPD and a rapid/non-rapid of decline in lung function | ||||
COPD rapid decline in LF n = 12 | COPD non-rapid decline in LF n = 10 | p | ||
Female:Male | 2:10 | 4:6 | ||
Agea | 63 ± 7 | 67 ± 6 | p = 0.0358 | |
BMIb | 26 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | NS | |
Current:Ex-smokersb | 8:4 | 3:7 | ||
Pack-yearsb | 37.5 ± 16 | 33 ± 11 | NS | |
FEV1, percent of predicteda | 60 ± 15 | 63 ± 19 | NS | |
FEV1/VC a | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | NS | |
BAL-recovery, %c | 44 ± 16 | 40 ± 19 | NS | |
Annual decline in FEV1, mla | 86 ± 29 | 16 ± 16 | p < 0.0001 |