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Table 1 Characteristics of the 165 study participants at baseline

From: Use and inhalation technique of inhaled medication in patients with asthma and COPD: data from a randomized controlled trial

Variable

Number(%) or Mean ± SD

All

(n = 165)

Asthma

(n = 50)

COPD

(n = 89)

ACO

(n = 26)

Age

66.8 ± 11.5

61.1 ± 15.1

69.8 ± 8.5

67.2 ± 8.0

Male

106 (64.2)

23 (46)

63 (70.8)

20 (76.9)

Marital status

 Unmarried

19 (11.5)

7 (14)

11 (12.4)

1 (3.8)

 Married

104 (63.0)

33 (66)

51 (57.3)

20 (76.9)

 Divorced/widowed

42 (25.5)

10 (20)

27 (30.3)

5 (19.2)

Highest level of education at school

 Primary school

27 (16.4)

6 (12)

18 (20.2)

3 (11.5)

 Apprenticeship

97 (58.8)

25 (50)

55 (61.8)

17 (65.4)

 Higher professional education

22 (13.3)

7 (14)

11 (12.4)

4 (15.4)

 University–entrance Diploma/Commercial college

3 (1.8)

3 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 University /College of higher education

16 (9.7)

9 (18)

5 (5.6)

2 (7.7)

Smoking status

 Current smokers

32 (19.4)

5 (10)

24 (27)

3 (11.5)

 Non-smokers

37 (22.4)

28 (56)

5 (5.6)

4 (15.4)

 Ex-smokers

96 (58.2)

17 (34)

60 (67.4)

19 (73.1)

Pack-years

35.0 ± 34.3

8.0 ± 14.3

58.5 ± 33.0

32.3 ± 35.5

Body mass index [kg/m2]

27.2 ± 5.1

26.9 ± 3.9

26.9 ± 5.6

28.5 ± 5.3

GOLD stage (n = 115)

 1 (FEV1 > 80% predicted)

8 (6.9)

 

6 (6.7)

2 (7.7)

 2 (FEV1 50–80% predicted)

47 (40.9)

 

33 (37.1)

14 (53.8)

 3 (FEV1 30–50% predicted)

46 (40.0)

 

36 (40.4)

10 (38.5)

 4 (FEV1 < 30% predicted)

14 (12.2)

 

14 (15.7)

0 (0)

Lung function parameters

 FEV1% predicted

59.9 ± 24.5

80.0 ± 19.9a

48.2 ± 20.0

61.9 ± 21.1b

 FVC % predicted

90.2 ± 19.0

98.7 ± 17.7a

85.0 ± 18.4

92.3 ± 17.6b

 FEV1/FVC ratio

51.9 ± 16.7

66.3 ± 12.3a

43.7 ± 13.9

52.9 ± 14.3b

 DLCO % predicted

72.2 ± 21.8

88.9 ± 15.7

61.1 ± 19.2

78.0 ± 17.5

Asthma Control Test (n = 76)

 Sum score

19.5 ± 4.5

20.7 ± 3.8

 

17.15 ± 5.0

 Poorly controlled

15 (19.7)

5 (10)

 

10 (38.5)

 Not well-controlled

14 (18.4)

8 (16)

 

6 (23.1)

 Well controlled

47 (61.9)

37 (74)

 

10 (38.5)

COPD Assessment Test (n = 115)

 Sum score

16.1 ± 7

 

16 ± 7

16.6 ± 7.2

 Low impact

25 (21.8)

 

19 (21.3)

6 (23.1)

 Medium impact

58 (50.4)

 

46 (51.7)

12 (46.2)

 High impact

29 (25.2)

 

22 (24.7)

7 (26.9)

 Very high impact

3 (2.6)

 

2 (2.2)

1 (3.8)

SGRQ (n = 165)

 Symptoms score

47.0 ± 24.1

35.9 ± 19.1

50.6 ± 23.6

55.9 ± 27.9

 Activity score

48.6 ± 22.3

34.5 ± 21.0

54.9 ± 20.2

54.4 ± 20.0

 Impact score

25.6 ± 18.1

19.1 ± 15.4

27.6 ± 17.7

31.1 ± 21.0

 Total Score

36.1 ± 18.1

26.6 ± 15.4

39.6 ± 17.2

42.3 ± 19.6

Known allergies

68 (41.2)

33 (66)

17 (19.1)

18 (69.2)

Number of exacerbations in the past 12 months

 1

92 (55.8)

29 (58)

50 (56.2)

13 (50)

 2

28 (17)

11 (22)

15 (16.9)

2 (7.7)

 3

21 (12.7)

5 (10)

10 (11.2)

6 (23.1)

  > 3

24 (14.5)

5 (10)

14 (15.7)

5 (19.2)

Number of antibiotic treatments in the past 12 months

 Never

13 (7.9)

8 (16)

4 (4.5)

1 (3.8)

 Once

91 (55.2)

29 (58)

50 (56.2)

12 (46.2)

 2–3 times

43 (26.1)

12 (24)

23 (25.8)

8 (30.8)

 More than 3 times

18 (10.9)

1 (2)

12 (13.5)

5 (19.2)

Number of systemic corticosteroid treatments in the past 12 months

 Never

77 (46.7)

23 (46)

44 (49.4)

10 (38.5)

 Once

44 (26.7)

12 (24)

26 (29.2)

6 (23.1)

 2–3 times

19 (11.5)

7 (14)

7 (7.9)

5 (19.2)

 More than 3 times

25 (15.2)

8 (16)

12 (13.5)

5 (19.2)

Number of emergency department attendance

 Never

103 (62.4)

40 (80)

48 (53.9)

15 (57.7)

 Once

44 (26.7)

8 (16)

28 (31.5)

8 (30.8)

 2–3 times

16 (9.7)

2 (4)

11 (12.4)

3 (11.5)

 More than 3 times

2 (1.2)

0 (0)

2 (2.2)

0 (0)

Number of exacerbations with hospitalization in the past 12 months

 Never

97 (58.8)

39 (78)

43 (48.3)

15 (57.7)

 Once

51 (30.9)

7 (14)

34 (38.2)

10 (38.5)

 2–3 times

14 (8.5)

4 (8)

9 (10.1)

1 (3.8)

 More than 3 times

3 (1.8)

0 (0)

3 (3.4)

0 (0)

  1. an = 49, bn = 25, ACO Asthma-COPD-overlap, DLCO Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxid, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC Forced vital capacity, SGRQ St. George Respiratory Questionnaire