Table 2 Baseline characteristics and laboratory results of patients with ACLF and without ACLF

 Age(years), M ± SD

55.4 ± 13.7

57.9 ± 13.7

0.23

 Sex m/f (% male)

52 (75.4%)

86 (64.2%)

0.12

 Ascites n (%)

60 (87.0%)

99 (73.9%)

0.03

 Variceal bleeding n (%)

23 (33.3%)

29 (21.6%)

0.09

 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis n (%)

11 (15.9%)

18 (13.4%)

0.67

 Hepatorenal syndrome n (%)

23 (33.3%)

4 (3.0%)

<0.001

 HE n (%)

22 (31.9%)

9 (6.7%)

<0.001

 White blood cell count, 10⁹ cells/L

13.8 (8.65–21.95)

8.1 (4.7–11.6)

<0.001

 Platelet count, 10⁹ platelets/L (IQR)

47 (22–75.5)

68.5 (40.8–101.5)

0.001

 C-reactive protein level, mg/dL (IQR)

28.8 (14.7–72.0)

26.9 (11.6–65.5)

0.38

 Creatinine, μmol/L (IQR)

154.0 (83.5–256.5)

66.5 (53.8–80.0)

<0.001

 Albumin, g/dL (M ± SD)

24.8 ± 4.8

26.2 ± 4.9

0.06

 Total Bilirubin, mg/dL (IQR)

252.0 (62.5–470.5)

38.0 (22.0–99.5)

<0.001

 INR (IQR)

2.37 (1.62–3.38)

1.39 (1.22–1.73)

<0.001

 Multi-lobar infiltration n (%)

55 (80.9%)

100 (75.8%)

0.48

SIRS n (%)

53 (76.8%)

68 (50.7%)

<0.001

ICU addmission n (%)

24 (35.3%)

8 (6.0%)

<0.001

 ACLF-1 (%)

13 (18.8%)

 ACLF-2 (%)

28 (40.6%)

 ACLF-3 (%)

28 (40.6%)

PSI score (IQR)

159 (117–195)

96 (86–115)

<0.001

 30-day mortality

32 (46.4%)

6 (4.5%)

<0.001

 90-day mortality

48 (69.6%)

15 (11.2%)

<0.001