From: Heterogeneous burden of lung disease in smokers with borderline airflow obstruction
Variable | Group 1 Ever-smokers, Normal FEV1, \( \frac{\mathrm{FEV}1}{\mathrm{FVC}} \) < 0.7 and > LLN (Discordant Group) (n = 161) | Group 2 Ever-smokers, Normal FEV1, \( \frac{\mathrm{FEV}1}{\mathrm{FVC}} \)> 0.7 (n = 940) | Group 3 Never-smokers, Normal FEV1, \( \frac{\mathrm{FEV}1}{\mathrm{FVC}} \)> 0.7 (n = 190) | Overall p-value* from likelihood ratio test comparing association with group status Unadjusted (Adjusted) | P-values for pairwise comparisons (Unadjusted) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 vs. 2 | Group 1 vs. 3 | Group 2 vs. 3 | |||||
Emphysema (%) | 2.1 ± 2.9 | 0.7 ± 2.6 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001** |
Functional small airways disease (%) | 18.0 ± 10.6 | 9.1 ± 10.0 | 7.1 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001** |
Airway wall thickening (Pi10) | 3.70 ± 0.01 | 3.71 ± 0.00 | 3.69 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 (0.17) | 0.41 | 0.01 | < 0.001** |
Emphysema present > ULN | 38.7% | 17.4% | 8.2% | < 0.001 (< 0.001) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004† |
CT-defined functional small airway abnormality (fSAD) present > ULN | 15.3% | 7.8% | 2.9% | < 0.001 (0.03) | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.03† |
Either emphysema or fSAD present | 44% | 20.7% | 9.4% | < 0.001 (< 0.001) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001† |
Both emphysema and fSAD present | 10% | 4.5% | 1.8% | 0.002 (0.23) | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.11† |