Table 2 COPD incidence, medication and hospital utilization, and cost

COPD incidence (/1000PY)

4.4

17.0

45.1

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 OPD visit, n (%)

51 (3.1)

22 (7.0)

131 (19.1)

< 0.001

0.002

< 0.001

 No. of OPD visit

0.10 ± 0.91

0.48 ± 2.96

1.86 ± 6.37

< 0.001

0.243

< 0.001

 Hospitalization, n (%)

79 (4.7)

29 (9.3)

83 (12.1)

< 0.001

0.004

< 0.001

 ER visit, n (%)

23 (1.4)

12 (3.8)

36 (5.2)

< 0.001

0.008

< 0.001

 ICU admission, n (%)

12 (0.7)

6 (1.9)

19 (2.8)

< 0.001

0.122

< 0.001

Total hospital visit, n (%)

121 (7.3)

41 (13.1)

169 (24.6)

< 0.001

0.002

< 0.001

 ICS, n (%)

4 (0.2)

5 (1.6)

20 (2.9)

< 0.001

0.003

< 0.001

 ICS + LABA, n (%)

2 (0.1)

11 (3.5)

50 (7.3)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 LAMA, n (%)

–

4 (1.3)

44 (6.4)

–

–

–

 SAMA, n (%)

12 (0.7)

12 (3.8)

36 (5.2)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 SABA, n (%)

14 (0.8)

11 (3.5)

54 (7.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Systemic bronchodilator, n (%)

28 (1.7)

11 (3.5)

72 (10.5)

< 0.001

0.094

< 0.001

 Methylxanthine, n (%)

33 (2.0)

17 (5.4)

101 (14.7)

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.001

Total prescribed medication, n (%)

57 (3.4)

26 (8.3)

127 (18.5)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hospitalization medical Cost (for 3 years) (USD)

186.17 ± 1411.24

398.61 ± 1975.51

750.71 ± 3216.02

< 0.001

0.297

< 0.001