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Table 1 Demographics of subjects according to the group

From: Significant predictors of medically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with preserved ratio impaired spirometry: a 3-year cohort study

 

Normal

PRISm

Unrevealed COPD

P-value

P-value*

P-value+

P-value‡

Age

54.57 ± 10.52

55.97 ± 10.85

64.48 ± 9.54

< 0.001

0.083

< 0.001

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

1560 (93.6)

286 (91.4)

654 (95.2)

0.063

0.426

0.432

0.054

Height (cm)

167.14 ± 6.94

166.79 ± 6.94

165.97 ± 6.56

< 0.001

0.998

<.0.001

0.236

Weight (kg)

68.29 ± 9.91

68.66 ± 11.6

63.7 ± 9.8

< 0.001

0.998

< 0.001

< 0.001

Smoking history

 Current smoking, n (%)

858 (51.5)

193 (61.7)

367 (53.4)

0.004

0.003

0.999

0.045

 Pack-years

28.62 ± 17.11

33.20 ± 20.34

36.58 ± 21.14

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.026

Co-morbidity, n (%)

 Hypertension

453 (27.2)

91 (29.1)

209 (30.4)

0.269

0.998

0.336

0.999

 Hyperlipidemia

166 (10.0)

34 (10.9)

47 (6.8)

0.035

0.998

0.048

0.092

 Stroke

48 (2.9)

14 (4.5)

18 (2.6)

0.252

0.414

0.999

0.368

 Acute coronary syndrome

17 (1.0)

8 (2.6)

16 (2.3)

0.019

0.077

0.042

0.999

 Diabetes mellitus

174 (10.4)

63 (20.1)

84 (12.2)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.624

0.003

 Pulmonary tuberculosis

124 (7.4)

21 (6.7)

109 (15.9)

< 0.001

0.999

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Asthma

20 (1.2)

15 (4.8)

65 (9.5)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.024

Lung function test

 FVC % predicted

92.96 ± 10.02

72.55 ± 9.45

88.51 ± 15.02

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 FEV1% predicted

94.66 ± 9.14

72.8 ± 6.72

74.18 ± 16.57

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.035

 FEV1/FVC

0.79 ± 0.05

0.77 ± 0.06

0.61 ± 0.09

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.006

Respiratory symptoms, n (%)

 Cough for more than 3 months

1 (0.1)

2 (0.6)

19 (2.8)

< 0.001

0.047

< 0.001

0.091

 Sputum for more than 3 months

4 (0.2)

2 (0.6)

18 (2.6)

< 0.001

0.999

< 0.001

0.104

 Dyspnea

10 (0.6)

3 (1.0)

31 (4.5)

< 0.001

0.999

< 0.001

0.012

 Wheezing

116 (7.0)

37 (11.8)

154 (22.4)

< 0.001

0.009

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Chronic bronchitis

4 (0.2)

2 (0.6)

21 (3.1)

< 0.001

0.717

< 0.001

0.054

Total

1666

313

687

    
  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
  2. * P-value for comparison between normal and PRISm group; + P-value for comparison between normal and unrevealed COPD group; ‡ P-value for comparison between PRISm and unrevealed COPD group
  3. PRISm preserved ratio impaired spirometry, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1 forced expiratory volume for 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity