Leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and sex modify the association between acetaminophen use and asthma among young adults: results from two observational studies

Table 3 Associations between acetaminophen use and current asthma in the total population and stratified by sex: results from the Isle of Wight and Kuwait University Allergy studies

Acetaminophen use	Total Population		Males		Females
Acetaminophen use	Current asthma, % (n/total)	Adjusted PR^c (95% CI)	Current asthma, % (n/total)	Adjusted PR^d (95% CI)	Current asthma, % (n/total)	Adjusted PR^d (95% CI)	P _interaction ^e
IOW Study^a
Never	13.0 (75/575)	1.00	10.6 (37/348)	1.00	16.7 (38/227)	1.00	0.012
Medium	16.6 (80/481)	1.34 (0.96–1.88)	17.0 (36/212)	1.88 (1.17–3.01)	16.4 (44/269)	0.94 (0.60–1.46)
High	32.2 (69/214)	2.43 (1.71–3.46)	40.0 (28/70)	3.99 (2.48–6.43)	28.5 (41/144)	1.59 (1.01–2.49)
KUA Study^b
Never	8.4 (14/167)	1.00	5.7 (3/53)	1.00	9.7 (11/114)	1.00	0.032
Medium	11.4 (41/359)	1.35 (0.74–2.47)	19.0 (19/100)	3.25 (1.04–10.24)	8.5 (22/259)	0.85 (0.41–1.74)
High	13.2 (80/606)	1.54 (1.02–2.79)	16.4 (17/104)	2.57 (1.01–8.28)	12.6 (63/502)	1.19 (0.64–2.23)

IOW Isle of Wight study, KUA Kuwait University Allergy study, PR Prevalence ratio, CI Confidence interval
^aAverage times of acetaminophen use per month was reported and categorized as: never = none per month, medium = one or two times per month, and high = three or more times per month
^bAcetaminophen use in the past 12-months was reported as: never = none in the past 12-months, medium = at least once in the past 12-months, and high = at least once per month in the past 12-months
^cAdjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and current smoking status
^dAdjusted for age, body mass index, and current smoking status
^eRefers to the p-value associated with the interaction (product) term: ‘sex × acetaminophen use’

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