Table 4 Associations with Symptoms and Disease Histories
Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 96 | N = 45 | N = 88 | N = 55 | ||
Symptoms and disease History | |||||
History of pulmonary/vascular condition (%) | 19 | 13 | 24 | 23 | 0.53 |
Smoking pack-years at baseline | 41.79 (22.05) | 42.89 (18.7) | 47.06 (19.36) | 54.95 (21.03) | 0.0016 |
Chronic Bronchitis (%) | 16 | 20 | 20 | 39 | 0.016 |
Emphysema (%) | 17 | 20 | 25 | 55 | < 0.0001 |
COPD diagnosed at baseline (%) | 29 | 51 | 58 | 83 | < 0.0001 |
Chronic bronchitis diagnosed at baseline (%) | 21 | 33 | 28 | 41 | 0.079 |
Asthma (%) | 20 | 36 | 22 | 21 | 0.19 |
Wheezing and whistling in chest (%) | 60 | 62 | 66 | 89 | 0.002 |
Wheezing age (yrs.) (%) | 60 | 86 | 84 | 92 | 0.0003 |
Sleep Apnea at baseline (%) | 6 | 21 | 7 | 6 | 0.02 |
Shortness of breath during sleep (%) | 18 | 29 | 14 | 29 | 0.06 |
Coronary artery disease | 2 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 0.19 |
Diabetes (%) | 6 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 0.2 |
Heart attack (%) | 3 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0.65 |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.33 |
Genetic effect | |||||
Father had COPD (%) | 19 | 13 | 23 | 22 | 0.61 |
Mother had COPD (%) | 17 | 13 | 19 | 9 | 0.39 |