What have we learned from observational studies and clinical trials of mild to moderate COPD?

Respiratory Research

Table 3 Impact of early pharmacological treatment on rate of FEV1 decline

Study	Participants	Follow-up	Intervention	Outcome
Scanlon PD et al. [72]	3926 smokers	5 years	Quitting smoking	Improvement in FEV1 (47 ml or 2%)
Decreamer M, et al. [66]	2375 GOLD II	4 years	Tiotropium vs. placebo	Reduction in rate of FEV1 decline (43 ml/year vs. 49 ml/year, p = 0.024)
Troosters T et al. [73]	120 GOLD II	4 years	Tiotropium vs. placebo	Reduction in rate of FEV1 decline (35 ml vs. 45 ml)
Zhou Y et al. [74]	841 GOLD I and II	2 years	Tiotropium vs. placebo	Reduction in rate of FEV1 decline (29 ml vs. 51 ml)
Jenkins CR et al. [63]	2156 GOLD II	3 years	SFC vs. placebo	Reduction in rate of FEV1 decline (difference 16 ml/year, 95% CI 0,32)
Calverley PMA, et al. [75]	6981 GOLD II	15 to 44 months	SFC vs. placebo	Reduction in rate of FEV1 decline (38 ml vs −46 ml, p = 0.019))

FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, SFC salmeterol/fluticasone fixed dose combination

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