Table 3 Hazard ratio for pneumonia in COPD patients stratified by FEV1
From: Identifying the associated risks of pneumonia in COPD patients: ARCTIC an observational study
FEV1 < 50% Hazard ratio (95% CI) (N = 2730) | FEV1 ≥ 50% Hazard ratio (95% CI) (N = 5547) | |
|---|---|---|
Agea | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) |
Malesb | 1.28 (1.20–1.36) | 1.26 (1.19–1.34) |
COPD + asthma compared with referencec | ||
Reference | 1 | 1 |
No ICS | 3.06 (2.35–3.97) | 4.61 (3.70–5.75) |
Low ICSd | 6.61 (5.43–8.05) | 5.31 (4.57–6.18) |
High ICSe | 6.40 (5.30–7.72) | 5.40 (4.56–6.38) |
‘COPD without asthma’ compared with referencec | ||
Reference | 1 | 1 |
No ICS | 4.35 (3.79–4.99) | 4.01 (3.58–4.49) |
Low ICS | 6.15 (5.23–7.24) | 4.52 (3.91–5.23) |
High ICS | 4.91 (3.82–6.31) | 4.62 (3.45–6.18) |
‘COPD without asthma’: ICS use compared with no ICS use in the COPD population | ||
No ICS | 1 | 1 |
Low ICS | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) |
High ICS | 0.98 (0.81–1.17) | 1.31 (1.10–1.56) |