Table 2 ᅟ

Asthma

Expression or concentration

↑

↑

↓

↑

↑ ↓

↑

↑

Details

↑ levels in sputum [81, 82] & BAL [83, 233], ↑ innervation, [149, 234] ↑ neurons [235]

Sputum muc5AC and NKA positively correlate [84], ↑ neurons [235]

↓ innervation [116, 149]

↑ airway expression [148, 150]; ↑ innervation [149]; ↑ sputum[157]

↑ in BAL [170], ↑ plasma/serum [175, 177, 219]; ↑ innervation [236] ↓ smooth muscle [180]

↑ in airway[39] ↑ expression in lungs in risk factors for asthma [204, 205]

↑ in serum, mixed population, including some asthmatics [218]

COPD

Expression or concentration

↑ ↓

↓ ↑

↑

↑

↓ ↑

↑

↑

Details

↑ levels in sputum [89]; ↓ sputum concentrations during exacerbation [90]

↓ sputum concentrations during exacerbation [90]; ↑ release in airways ex vivo [237]

↑ innervation in chronic bronchitis [127]; ↑ serum [124]

↑ sputum [157]; ↓ receptor expression in airways [158];

↓ smooth muscle [171]; ↑ innervation in risk factor for COPD [185];

↑ release from neuroepithelial cells [193]

↑ in serum [224]

CF

Expression or concentration

unknown

unknown

↓

↑

↑

↑

unknown

Details

normal serum range: <20 -125 pg/ml (mean: 41 ±7 ), CF range: 21-170 pg/ml, (mean: 78 ± 15.8) [238]

unknown

↓ epithelium and alveolar wall [131]

↑ submucosal glands [161]

↑ in olfactory epithelium [191]

↑ in neuroepithelial cells [214]

unknown