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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Microorganisms resistant to conventional antimicrobials in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Variable

Patients with microorganisms resistant to conventional treatment (n = 34)

Patients with microorganisms sensitive to conventional treatment (n = 52)

Patients with negative microbiology (n = 109)

P value

Age, mean (SD), years

73 (10)

71 (10)

71 (11)

0.546

Male sex, n (%)

29 (85)

43 (83)

91 (83)

0.950

BMI, mean (SD), Kg/m2

28 (5)

27 (5)

27 (5)

0.756

Current smoker, n (%)

4 (12)b,c

21 (40)a

43 (39)a

0.008

Packs/year, median (IQR)

33 (30; 90)

50 (40; 60)

60 (50; 95)

0.043

AECOPD in the previous year, n (%)

25 (74)c

25 (48)

41 (38)a

0.001

≥2 AECOPD in the previous year, n (%)

16 (47)c

16 (31)

19 (18)a

0.003

Admissions by AECOPD in the previous year, n (%)

20 (59)c

17 (33)

28 (26)a

0.002

≥ 2 AECOPD or ≥ 1 admission for AECOPD in the previous year, n (%)

24 (71)b,c

21 (40)

32 (30)b

< 0.001

Prior antibiotic treatment (last 3 months), n (%)

26 (79)b,c

22 (43)a,c

22 (21)a,b

< 0.001

Prior antibiotic treatment, n (%)

9 (27)

14 (27)

0 (0)

< 0.001

Inhaled corticosteroids use, n (%)

17 (50)

19 (41)

35 (38)

0.480

Bronchiectasis, n (%)

13 (48)

10 (28)

29 (38)

0.251

Long-term oxygen therapy, n (%)

18 (53)c

15 (29)

31 (28)a

0.023

Charlson index, median (IQR)

2 (1; 3)

2 (1; 3)

2 (1; 3)

0.459

BODEx index, median (IQR)

3 (0; 6)c

0 (0; 4.5)

0 (0; 0)a

0.001

mMRC Dyspnoea, median (IQR)

3 (2; 3)b,c

2 (1; 3)a

2 (1; 3)a

< 0.001

COPDSS, median (IQR)

19 (14; 21)b,c

15 (9; 19)a

13 (8; 18)a

< 0.001

FEV1, median (IQR), % ref

33 (27; 41)

45 (31; 55)

39 (28; 57)

0.073

FEV1 < 35% ref., n (%)

17 (55)

13 (28)

39 (41)

0.064

Positive sputum cultures in the previous year, n (%)

18 (53)b,c

12 (23)a

11 (10)a

< 0.001

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the previous year, n (%)d

8 (44)

1 (8)

1 (9)

0.048

Respiratory rate, mean (SD)

22 (20; 26)

22 (20; 28)

24 (20; 26)

0.423

Anthonisen classification, n (%)

   

0.793

 Type I

17 (52)

20 (40)

42 (40)

 

 Type II

9 (27)

19 (38)

38 (36)

 

 Type III

7 (21)

11 (22)

25 (24)

 

Purulent sputum, n (%)

18 (55)

18 (36)

41 (39)

0.203

Haemoglobin, median (IQR), gr/L

134 (120; 146)

142 (127; 151)

139 (124; 153)

0.159

pH, median (IQR)

7.40 (7.36; 7.45)

7.39 (7.34; 7.43)

7.39 (7.35; 7.43)

0.907

PaCO2, median (IQR), mmHg

49 (42; 61)

44 (38; 58)

45 (38; 58)

0.340

PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR), mmHg

257 (230; 321)

248 (207; 293)

267 (232; 311)

0.490

C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/dL

2.5 (1.5; 5.4)

5.4 (1.5; 17.4)

4.9 (1.6; 12.8)

0.113

  1. Abbreviations: AECOPD acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI body mass index, BODEx body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exacerbations, COPDSS chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity score, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in the 1st second, IQR interquartile range, mMRC modified medical research council, SD standard deviation
  2. Data are shown as number and percentage of patients, mean (SD), or median (1st quartile; 3rd quartile)
  3. Percentages are calculated on non-missing data
  4. aP < 0.05 vs. Patients with microorganisms resistant to conventional treatment
  5. bp < 0.05 vs. Patients with microorganisms sensitive to conventional treatment
  6. cp < 0.05 vs. Patients with negative microbiology
  7. dPercentages calculated for patients with positive sputum cultures in the previous year
  8. Bold Italic entries indicate statistical significance