Fig. 2
Associations between weekly PM2.5 levels over gestation and FVC z-score. This figure demonstrates the association between PM2.5 exposure over pregnancy and FVC z-scores using a BDLIM assuming week-specific effects, for (a) overall sample, and (b) interaction by sex. Models were adjusted for maternal age and education, and z-scores were adjusted for child’s age at spirometry test, sex, race/ethnicity, and height. The y-axis represents the change in FVC z-scores corresponding to a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5; the x-axis is gestational age in weeks. Solid lines show the predicted change in FVC z-score. Gray areas indicate 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A sensitive window is identified for the weeks where the estimated pointwise 95% CI (shaded area) does not include zero