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Table 1 Patient baseline demographics and characteristics pre- and post-matching

From: Assessing the healthcare resource use associated with inappropriate prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in GOLD groups A or B: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)

Parameter

Pre-matching

Post matching

ICS (N = 1745)

Non-ICS (N = 2264)

P value

ICS (N = 1739)

Non-ICS (N = 1739)

P value

Female, n (%)

679 (38.9)

906 (40.0)

0.494

676 (38.9)

697 (40.1)

0.480

Mean age, years (SD)

67.6 (10.3)

68.0 (10.3)

0.237

67.6 (10.3)

67.9 (10.2)

0.480

Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD)

27 (5.8)

27 (5.8)

0.4189

27 (5.8)

27 (6.0)

0.3166

Mean FEV1 predicted, % (SD)

57 (19.4)

61 (18.5)

<  0.001

57 (19.4)

61 (18.5)

<  0.001

Age category, n (%)

 40–44 years

29 (1.7)

26 (1.1)

0.321

27 (1.6)

21 (1.2)

0.143

 45–54 years

171 (9.8)

201 (8.9)

171 (9.8)

153 (8.8)

 55–64 years

455 (26.1)

618 (27.3)

454 (26.1)

479 (27.5)

 65–74 years

628 (36.0)

777 (34.3)

626 (36.0)

603 (34.7)

 75–80 years

275 (15.8)

369 (16.3)

274 (15.8)

270 (15.5)

 >  80 years

187 (10.7)

273 (12.1)

187 (10.8)

213 (12.2)

BMI category, n (%)

 Underweight (<  18.5)

79 (4.5)

78 (3.4)

0.076

79 (4.5)

55 (3.2)

0.235

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

512 (29.3)

662 (29.2)

512 (29.4)

509 (29.3)

 Overweight (25–29.9)

436 (25.0)

629 (27.8)

434 (25.0)

484 (27.8)

 Obese (30–39.9)

361 (20.7)

418 (18.5)

358 (20.6)

325 (18.7)

 Severely obese (≥ 40)

26 (1.5)

47 (2.1)

26 (1.5)

39 (2.2)

 Missing

331 (19.0)

430 (19.0)

330 (19.0)

327 (18.8)

Smoking status, n (%)

 Current

726 (41.6)

994 (43.9)

0.097

725 (41.7)

750 (43.1)

0.513

 Non-smoker/never smoked

90 (5.2)

85 (3.8)

88 (5.1)

67 (3.9)

 Ex-smoker

773 (44.3)

972 (42.9)

770 (44.3)

761 (43.8)

 Missing

156 (8.9)

213 (9.4)

156 (9.0)

161 (9.3)

IMD quintile, n (%)

 I

292 (16.7)

322 (14.2)

0.175

291 (16.7)

249 (14.3)

0.254

 II

326 (18.7)

411 (18.2)

325 (18.7)

313 (18.0)

 III

336 (19.3)

438 (19.3)

334 (19.2)

352 (20.2)

 IV

390 (22.3)

526 (23.2)

388 (22.3)

387 (22.3)

 V

399 (22.9)

565 (23.2)

399 (22.9)

436 (25.1)

2017 GOLD classification, n (%)

 GOLD A

1044 (59.8)

1479 (65.3)

<  0.001

1044 (60.0)

1068 (61.4)

0.356

 GOLD B

701 (40.2)

785 (34.7)

695 (40.0)

671 (38.6)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Eosinophilia (>  0.4 × 109/L)

119 (6.8)

153 (6.8)

0.933

119 (6.8)

127 (7.3)

0.942

 Eosinophilia (>  0.3 × 109/L)

326 (18.7)

399 (17.6)

0.683

326 (18.7)

307 (17.7)

0.822

 Eosinophilia (read code)

<  5 (−)

<  5 (−)

0.214

< 5 (−)

< 5 (−)

0.942

 Asthma diagnosed > 1 year prior

310 (17.8)

304 (13.4)

<  0.001

304 (17.5)

273 (15.7)

0.093

 Type II diabetes

271 (15.5)

339 (15.0)

0.627

270 (15.5)

267 (15.4)

0.888

 Osteoporosis/osteopenia

227 (13.0)

286 (12.6)

0.724

227 (13.1)

225 (12.9)

0.921

 Stroke

118 (6.8)

144 (6.4)

0.610

117 (6.7)

115 (6.6)

0.893

 Myocardial infarction

166 (9.5)

238 (10.5)

0.297

166 (9.5)

166 (9.5)

1.000

 Pneumonia

357 (20.5)

443 (19.6)

0.484

356 (20.5)

356 (20.5)

1.000

 Prior exacerbations

711 (40.7)

895 (39.5)

0.437

709 (40.8)

705 (40.5)

0.890

  1. BMI body–mass index, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, IMD Index of Multiple Deprivation - where I is most deprived, SD standard deviation