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Table 2 Study groups, outcomes, results, and risk of bias

From: Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Source

Follow-up

Loss to follow-up, %

Outcomes of interest (Primary)

Results

Confounders included in adjusted analysis

Milleron et al., 2004 [7]

86.5 months (median)

0

MACE (Cardiovascular death, ACS, hospitalization for heart failure, or revascularization)

Adjusted HR, 0.24 (0.09–0.62)

Age, AHI, BMI, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia

Cassar et al., 2007 [8]

3 year (median)

0

MACE (severe angina, MI, PCI, CABG, stroke, or death

Unadjusted RR, 0.93 (0.79–1.11)

NR

Garcia-Rio et al., 2013 [9]

6.5 years (mean)

2.4%

Recurrent MI

Adjusted HR, 0.16 (0.03–0.76)

Age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, packs×year, LVEF, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, smoking cessation and long-term pharmacological treatment

Capodanno et al., 2014 [10]

3 years

0

MACE (all-cause death, MI, stroke, or repeat revascularization either percutaneous or surgical)

Adjusted HR, 0.18 (0.04–0.78)

BMI, smoking status, previous MI, prior stroke, and LVEF < 40%

Nakashima et al., 2015 [11]

4 years (median)

4.9

MACE (cardiac death, ACS recurrence, and re-admission for heart failure)

Unadjusted RR, 0.46 (0.21–1.03)

NR

Wu et al., 2015 [12]

4.8 years (median)

1.5

MACE (death, non-fatal MI, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, or stroke)

Adjusted HR, 0.82 (0.53–1.27)

Age, sex, BMI, clinical presentation, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of MI, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, renal failure, heart failure (LVEF ≤40%), extent of diseased or treated vessel, adjunctive medical therapy

Leão et al., 2016 [13]

75 months (median)

0

MACE (death for any cause, MI, and myocardial revascularization

Unadjusted RR, 0.87 (0.31–2.46)

NR

Huang et al., 2015 [14]

36 months (median)

2.4

MACE (new-onset acute MI, hospitalization for heart failure, need for repeated coronary revascularization, stroke, and death associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease)

Unadjusted RR, 0.21 (0.03–1.67)

NR

Peker et al., 2016 [15]

56.9 months (median)

0.4

MACE (repeat revascularization, MI, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality)

Adjusted HR, 0.62 (0.34–1.13)

Age, sex, AHI, BMI, CABG vs. PCI, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, acute MI, previous PCI or CABG, pulmonary disease, LVEF

  1. ACS indicates acute coronary syndrome, AHI apnea-hypopnea index, BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, HR hazard ratio, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MACE major adverse cardiovascular events, MI myocardial infarction, NR not reported, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, RR risk ratio