Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Overall (N = 239) | Non-ACO COPD (n = 192) | ACO (n = 47) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.2 (7.4) | 66.6 (7.5) | 64.7 (6.6) | 0.11 |
Sex | 0.39 | |||
Female | 6 (2.5) | 4 (2.1) | 2 (4.3) | |
Male | 233 (97.5) | 188 (97.9) | 45 (95.7) | |
Smoking history (baseline) | 0.93 | |||
Current | 75 (31.4) | 60 (31.3) | 15 (31.9) | |
Ex-smoker | 164 (68.6) | 132 (68.8) | 32 (68.1) | |
Pack-years | 47.8 (27.3) | 48.5 (26.8) | 45.0 (29.2) | 0.44 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 (3.2) | 23.2 (3.2) | 23.9 (3.1) | 0.17 |
Education | 0.89 | |||
< High school diploma | 109 (45.6) | 88 (45.8) | 21 (44.7) | |
≥ High school diploma | 130 (54.4) | 104 (54.2) | 26 (55.3) | |
mMRC ≥2 | 125 (52.3) | 100 (52.1) | 25 (53.2) | 0.89 |
SGRQ | ||||
Symptom | 44.1 (18.0) | 43.7 (17.9) | 45.8 (18.7) | 0.48 |
Activity | 47.5 (22.8) | 47.2 (22.9) | 48.6 (22.6) | 0.70 |
Impact | 21.2 (18.4) | 21.1 (18.2) | 21.8 (18.4) | 0.80 |
Total | 33.1 (17.4) | 32.8 (17.4) | 33.9 (17.5) | 0.71 |
Previous exacerbationa, ≥2 | 24 (10.0) | 18 (9.4) | 6 (12.8) | 0.49 |
Comorbidity | ||||
Tuberculosis | 47 (19.7) | 36 (18.8) | 11 (23.4) | 0.47 |
Bronchial asthma | 71 (29.7) | 32 (16.7) | 39 (83.0) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular diseaseb | 68 (28.5) | 53 (27.6) | 15 (31.9) | 0.56 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 48 (20.1) | 36 (18.8) | 12 (25.5) | 0.30 |
Hepatobiliary disease | 14 (5.9) | 11 (5.7) | 3 (6.4) | 0.74c |
Urogenital disease | 37 (15.5) | 27 (14.1) | 10 (21.3) | 0.22 |
Nervous disease | 10 (4.2) | 9 (4.7) | 1 (2.1) | 0.69c |
Endocrine disease | 33 (13.8) | 26 (13.5) | 7 (14.9) | 0.81 |
Kidney disease | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0 | > 1.00c |
Cancer | 3 (1.2) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.55c |
Diabetes mellitus | 23 (9.6) | 18 (9.4) | 5 (10.6) | 0.79 |
Hypertension | 72 (30.1) | 61 (31.8) | 11 (23.4) | 0.26 |