Fig. 1

Expression and localization of JAK2, STAT3, and their phosphorylated forms in lung tissue from patients with IPF. JAK2 and STAT3 gene expression and JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 protein expression were analyzed in lung tissue from healthy controls (n = 10) and IPF patients (n = 12) by (a) qPCR, (b) western blotting, and (c) immunohistochemistry. Scale bar: 100 μm. Black arrows indicate hyperplastic alveolar type II cells, and red arrows indicate fibroblasts. Expression was calculated as the ratio compared to β-actin expression. The data are presented as a scatter dot plot showing the median and interquartile range. Exact values for P were obtained using the Mann–Whitney test