A Asthma only (no COPD) | B Both asthma and COPD | C | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild to moderate A vs B | Severe A vs B | |||||||
Mild to moderate | Severe | P value | Mild to moderate | Severe | P value | P value | P value | |
Study population, n (%) | 16,007 (96.6) | 558 (3.4) | 1680 (88.3) | 222 (11.7) | ||||
Poor asthma control, n (%) | 4250 (26.5) | 283 (50.8) | <0.001 | 743 (44.2) | 130 (58.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.018 |
≥600 SABA, n (%) | 2249 (14.0) | 154 (27.7) | <0.001 | 442 (26.3) | 67 (30.1) | 0.253 | <0.001 | 0.324 |
Exacerbation, n (%) Mean cumulative event | 2595 (16.2) | 203 (36.3) | <0.001 | 483 (28.8) | 101 (45.4) | <0.001 | ||
29.09 | 87.46 | <0.001 | 76.31 | 152.25 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |
Oral steroids, n (%) Mean cumulative event | 2566 (16.0) | 203 (36.3) | <0.001 | 481 (28.7) | 100 (44.9) | <0.001 | ||
28.71 | 84.41 | <0.001 | 75.06 | 150 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | |
Hospitalization, n (%) Mean cumulative event | 42 (0.3) | 7 (1.2) | <0.001 | 16 (0.9) | 4 (2.0) | 0.414 | ||
0,3 | 2.33 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 2.25 | 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.035 | |
ED visit, n (%) Mean cumulative event | 12 (0.1) | 5 (0.9) | <0.001 | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | ||
0.07 | 0.72 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.996 | 0.529 | 0.478 | |
Asthma medications, n (%) | 12,247 (76.5) | 525 (94.2) | <0.001 | 1582 (94.2) | 217 (97.9) | 0.040 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), n (%) | 6069 (37.9) | 139 (24.9) | <0.001 | 538 (32.0) | 37 (16.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Long-acting ß2-agonists (LABA), n (%) | 1992 (12.4) | 97 (17.4) | 0.001 | 352 (21.0) | 30 (13.6) | 0.012 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Fixed ICS/LABA combination, n (%) | 4567 (28.5) | 409 (73.3) | <0.001 | 950 (56.6) | 188 (84.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Long-acting anticholinergics, n (%) | 260 (1.6) | 29 (5.2) | <0.001 | 669 (39.8) | 120 (54.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Leukotriene modifiers (LTRA), n (%) | 1091 (6.8) | 171 (30.7) | <0.001 | 128 (7.6) | 35 (15.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Methylxanthines, n (%) | 43 (0.3) | 6 (1.0) | 0.002 | 27 (1.6) | 9 (4.0) | 0.024 | 0.050 | 0.05 |
Short-acting ß2-agonists (SABA), n (%) | 6635 (41.5) | 326 (58.5) | <0.001 | 828 (49.3) | 113 (50.9) | 0.703 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Systemic corticosteroids (OCS), n (%) | 2698 (16.9) | 209 (37.5) | <0.001 | 493 (29.4) | 102 (45.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Omalizumab, n (%) | 1 (0.0) | 5 (0.9) | <0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1 |
N-acetylcysteine, n (%) | 1600 (10.0) | 114 (20.4) | <0.001 | 626 (37.3) | 112 (50.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Primary care visits because of asthma, physician, n (%) | 3491 (21.8) | 153 (27.4) | 0.002 | 291 (17.3) | 44 (20.0) | 0.410 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
Primary care visits because of asthma, nurse, n (%) | 799 (5.0) | 35 (6.2) | 0.207 | 93 (5.5) | 9 (4.2) | 0.446 | 0.604 | 1 |
Primary care visits because of asthma, other, n (%) | 418 (2.6) | 23 (4.2) | 0.041 | 98 (5.8) | 19 (8.6) | 0.150 | <0.001 | 0.171 |
Specialist outpatient visits because of asthma, n (%) | 980 (6.1) | 118 (21.1) | <0.001 | 87 (5.2) | 21 (9.7) | 0.015 | <0.001 | 0.033 |