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Table 1 Journal articles (n = 63) and abstracts (n = 60) identified within the literature search

From: Critical inhaler errors in asthma and COPD: a systematic review of impact on health outcomes

Study details

Content details

Significant association of patient characteristics with errors

Author

Disease

Inhaler types

n

Disease outcomes

Quality of life

Economic models

Age

Gender

Education

Previous instruction

Comorbidities

Socioeconomic class

Concurrent device use

Al Doghim [113]

A

p, d

56

Al Hassan et al. [62]

C

p

100

×

×

Al Jahdali et al. [67]

A

p, p + s, d

450

×

×

×

h

Al Somali et al. [115]

C

d

24

Al Zabadi and El Sharif. [152]

A

u

121

Ammari et al. [111]

A

p

30

a

Azouz et al. [153]

AC

p

111

×g

Baddar and Rawas. [154]

A

u

218

Baddar et al. [78]

A

u

218

×

Barnestein-Fonseca et al. [106]

C

u

220

Barthwal et al. [83]

A

p, p + s, d

172

a

Basheti et al. [84]

A

d

97

a

a

Basheti et al. [24]

A

d

186

Batterink et al. [25]

C

p, p + s, d

37

×

Bell et al. [99]

AC

p, pa

NR

Benjamin et al. [116]

AC

u

n/a

b

Bijos et al. [129]

AC

u

207,801q

Bilal et al. [155]

A

u

NR

Bryant et al. [55]

AC

p, p + s, d

103

×

×

-k

Burkhart et al. [85]

A

p

42

Buset et al. [71]

AC

u

43

×

×

×

×

Caliskaner et al. [156]

AC

u

U

Camilleri et al. [80]

AC

p,d

167

Capanoglu et al. [53]

A

p + s, d

171

Capstick et al. [31]

A

u

25

Carpenter et al. [86]

A

p, p + s

91

×

Cayo-Quiñe et al. [72]

AC

p

378

×

Chorão et al. [60]

AC

p, pa, d, s

301

m

×

Chrystyn et al. [157]

C

d

127

Chrystyn et al. [37]

AC

d

421

Coelho et al. [38]

A

p, p + s, d

467

×

×

×

Dalcin et al. [56]

A

p, d

268

×

×

m

Deering et al. [158]

C

u

24

Deerojanawong et al. [26]

A

p, p + s

93

l

i

Elgendy et al. [95]

A

p

491

Estrada et al. [135]

C

u

108

×n

Fernandes et al. [105]

A

u

89

b

Ganguly et al. [81]

AC

p, p + s, d

105

×

×

×

Garcia-Cardenas et al. [87]

A

d

336

a

Giraud et al. [39]

A

p, pa

727

a

Giraud et al. [57]

A

pa

6512

Göris et al. [88]

C

p, d

69

a

a

Groot et al. [125]

A

u

142

×g

Grover et al. [96]

A

p + s, d

40

a

Hagmolen et al. [40]

A

p, p + s, d

530

×

×

×

×

Hämmerlein et al. [61]

AC

p, p + s, pa, d

757

×

×

×

Harnett et al. [58]

A

p, d, s

46

×

-d

×

Hass et al. [159]

A

d, s

48

Herscher et al. [160]

A

p,d

452

Hesselink et al. [89]

AC

u

276

×

×c

Khan et al. [114]

AC

d

50

Khassawneh et al. [82]

AC

p, d

300

f

f

f

Komase et al. [63]

C

d

150

×

×

Kuna et al. [97]

A

p

16,844

Kuprys-Lipinska et al. [100]

AC

d

7400

×p

Lee et al. [66]

A

p, d

360

m

m

Lee et al. [110]

A

u

92

Leiva-Fernandez et al. [161]

C

p, d

465

Levy et al. [90]

A

p, p + s, pa

3981

Lewis et al. [131]

AC

u

1.3 mq

Lewis et al. [132]

AC

d

266,657q

Lewis et al. [133]

AC

d

167,666q

Lewis et al. [134]

AC

d

409,445q

Li et al. [51]

C

d

384

Lin et al. [101]

A

u

32

Loh et al. [59]

A

p

134

×

×

×

×

Maazuddin et al. [91]

AC

p, p + s, d

104

a

Madkour et al. [35]

AC

p,d

533

Manriquez et al. [69]

A

p + s

263

e

Maricoto et al. [68]

AC

p, p + s, d

62

j

×

Maricoto et al. [104]

AC

u

44

j

Mazankova et al. [162]

A

p, pa, d

200

Mehuys et al. [41]

C

p, p + s, pa, d

555

d

Melani et al. [10]

AC

p, d

1664

×

×

Melani et al. [52]

AC

p, d

1527

Minai et al. [92]

A

p

45

Molimard et al. [42]

A

p, d

4362

×g

Molimard et al. [47]

p, pa, d

3811

Muhammad et al. [163]

A

p, p + s

181

Nama et al. [32]

C

u

46

Nolan-Neylan et al. [65]

C

d

150

×

×

×

×

Öztürk et al. [36]

C

p,d

180

Öztürk et al. [64]

C

d

442

e

×

Pascual et al. [54]

C

d

128

Plaza et al. [98]

A

u

230

b

b

Pothirat et al. [34]

C

p, p + s, d

103

×

×

×

×

×

Prieto-Centurion et al. [108]

C

p,d

31

Rajan et al. [43]

AC

d

100

Roggeri et al. [128]

AC

.

200q

o

Roggeri et al. [127]

AC

u

200q

o

Ronk et al. [112]

A

p

45

Rootmensen et al. [44]

AC

p, p + s, d

156

m

×

×

Sadowski et al. [79]

AC

p, p + s, d

161

Sangita et al. [73]

C

p,d

100

i

×

i

Santos et al. [164]

AC

u

50

Schulte et al. [45]

AC

d

72

Shetty et al. [102]

A

p

35

Souza et al. [165]

AC

p, d

120

Sriram et al. [70]

C

u

150

×

×

×

×

×

Sulaiman et al. [117]

A

u

221

b

Takemura et al. [103]

A

u

289

×

Tarsin et al. [166]

AC

p, d

300

Thomas et al. [118]

A

p, d

162

Thomas et al. [50]

A

d

60

Torvinen et al. [130]

AC

d

n/a

Turan et al. [76]

C

u

76

×

×

×

×

Udwadia et al. [75]

A

p

241

×n

×n

van der Palen et al. [119]

C

p, d

567

van der Palen et al. [27]

AC

d

113

van der Palen et al. [28]

C

d

130

van der Palen et al. [46]

C

d

105

van der Palen et al. [93]

C

d

60

van der Valk et al. [107]

AC

d

113

Vanderman et al. [33]

AC

p,d

24

×

×

×

Vilamil-Osorio et al. [74]

A

p

118

×

×

×

×

Voshaar et al. [29]

A

d

66

Westerik et al. [48]

A

d

623

×

m

Wiacek et al. [109]

AC

d

7100

×p

Wieshammer et al. [30]

AC

d

224

×

i

×

Williams et al. [167]

AC

p, p + s, d

59

Wu et al. [77]

AC

p, d

35

×

×

×

Yildiz et al. [94]

A

p, d

572

a

Zaidi et al. [126]

AC

p, p + s, d

59

×

  1. Key: A Asthma, C COPD, AC Asthma & COPD; p pMDI, p + s pMDI with spacer, pa Breath actuated pMDI, d DPI, s Soft mist inhaler, u Unspecified,  = significant, × = non-significant
  2. Note: aSignificant improvement observed following inhaler training interventions which improved inhaler technique. bSignificant improvements in disease outcomes or QoL, or reduction in hospital admissions reported following inhaler technique intervention but did not collect inhaler error rates. cNo significant impact on QoL was reported from an intervention that significantly improved inhaler technique. dQoL impairment reported in asthma or COPD not related to inhaler errors. eAge associated only with some error types. fData on factors potentially associated with error rate was recorded, but findings were not reported. gImprovements reported but statistical analysis was not provided. hPatients who had received “education about medication” were more likely to use their inhaler properly, relative to patients who had not; however, it is not explicitly stated that this education included inhaler technique instruction. iDependent on device type. jSignificant improvements reported in asthma but not COPD. kSocioeconomic class was examined by proxy; however, no data or findings are presented on this factor or its association with errors. lData was not provided on all device types. mSignificant after univariate analysis only. nStatistical analysis was not provided. oThe two items published by Roggeri et al. are suspected to report the same economic model, and are therefore counted as one significant result in this analysis. pThe two items published by Kuprys-Lipinska et al. and Wiacek et al. are suspected to report the same study, and are therefore counted as one negative result in the disease outcomes analysis; also, improvements in disease control were reported but statistical analysis was not provided. qPopulation numbers reported for economic modelling studies marked with this symbol reflect the hypothetical patient population within the model