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Table 2 Model inputs

From: Indacaterol/glycopyrronium is cost-effective compared to salmeterol/fluticasone in COPD: FLAME-based modelling in a Swedish population

Parameter

Mean

Variance

Source

Clinical efficacy

 Annual rate of moderate and severe exacerbations IND/GLY

0.98

CI: 0.88—1.1

[8]

 Annual rate of moderate and severe exacerbations SFC

1.19

CI: 1.07—1.32

[8]

 LS mean improvement in pre-dose trough FEV1 from baseline in litres at 52 weeks IND/GLY

0.015

CI: 0.000—0.030

[8]

 LS mean improvement in pre-dose trough FEV1 from baseline in litres at 52 weeks SFC

−0.048

CI: −0.063—(−0.033)

[8]

 Pneumonia incidence rate IND/GLY

0.035

CI: 0.026—0.044

[8]

 Pneumonia incidence rate SFC

0.054

CI: 0.042—0.066

[8]

Costs (€)

 Drug costs (per day) IND/GLY

1.50

CI: 1.32—2.19

[22]

 Drug costs (per day) SFC

1.43

CI: 1.25—2.08

[22]

 Moderate exacerbation cost per occurrence

 Moderate airflow limitation

544 (median: 197)

SD: 893

[16]

 Moderate exacerbation cost per occurrence

 Severe airflow limitation

530 (median: 221)

SD: 712

[16]

 Moderate exacerbation cost per occurrence

 Very severe airflow limitation

481 (median: 219)

SD: 705

[16]

 Severe exacerbation cost per occurrence

 Moderate airflow limitation

5168 (median: 3616)

SD: 5282

[16]

 Severe exacerbation cost per occurrence

 Severe airflow limitation

5172 (median: 3959)

SD: 5136

[16]

 Severe exacerbation cost per occurrence

 Very severe airflow limitation

7180 (median: 4584)

SD: 7706

[16]

 Annual non-exacerbation related maintenance costs

 Moderate airflow limitation

5936

[16]

 Annual non-exacerbation related maintenance costs

 Severe airflow limitation

5760

[16]

 Annual non-exacerbation related maintenance costs

 Very severe airflow limitation

6493

[16]

 Pneumonia costs

4822

[23]

  1. Costs (€) were inflated to the year 2015
  2. CI confidence interval, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, GOLD global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, IND/GLY indacaterol/glycopyrronium, LS least squares, SD standard deviation, SFC salmeterol/fluticasone