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Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

From: Corticosteroid plus β2-agonist in a single inhaler as reliever therapy in intermittent and mild asthma: a proof-of-concept systematic review and meta-analysis

Variables

Haahtela 2006 [27]

Papi 2007 [17]

Papi 2009 [30]

Martinez 2011 [29]

Lazarinis 2014 [28]

Fitzpatrick 2016 [26]

Countries

Finland and Sweden

Multinational

Italy

USA

Sweden and Norway

USA

Study design

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial

Randomized, double-blind, parallel trial

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial

Duration (weeks)

24

24

12

44

6

16

Diagnostic criteria of asthma

GINA

The EPR-2 guideline

Frequent wheezinga

The EPR-3 guideline

GINA

The EPR-3 guideline

Asthma severity

Intermittent

Mild

Mild

Mild

Mild

Mild

Intervention

ICS/FABA regimen, budesonide/formoterol, 1 inhalation, 160/4.5 μg each as-needed; FABA regimen, formoterol, 1 inhalation, 4.5 μg, as-needed

ICS/FABA regimen, beclomethasone/salbutamol, 1 inhalation, 250/100 μg each, as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 1 inhalation, 100 μg each, as-needed; ICS regimen, beclomethasone, 1 inhalation, 250 μg each, twice daily

ICS/FABA regimen, beclomethasone/salbutamol, 1 vial nebulization, 800/1600 μg each, as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 1 vial nebulization, 2500 μg each, as-needed

ICS, beclomethasone, 1 vial nebulization, 400 μg each, twice daily

ICS regimen, beclomethasone (HFA), 2 inhalations, 40 μg each, twice daily or as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 2 inhalations, 90 μg each, as-needed

ICS/FABA regimen, budesonide/formoterol, 1 inhalation, 200/6 μg each, as-needed; FABA regimen, terbutaline, 1 inhalation, 500 μg each, as-needed; ICS regimen, budesonide, 1 inhalation, 400 μg each, once daily

ICS regimen, fluticasone propionate, 2 inhalations, 44 μg each, twice daily or as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 2 inhalations, 90 μg each, as-needed

Adherence of daily ICS

NA

91.62%

99.4%

85%

98.25%

96%

Beclomethasone equivalent consumption (μg/day, Mean ± SD)

 ICS/FABA

162.8

110 ± 150.3

179.8 ± 256

30

203.75 ± 100

77.14

 ICS

458.1 ± 103.3

795.2 ± 81

170

491.25 ± 15

342.86

Number of patients

 ICS/FABA

45

122

110

74

23

NA

 FABA

47

118

56

74

22

NA

 ICS

106

110

72

21

NA

 Total

92

346

276

220

66

300

Age (years, mean ± SD)

 ICS/FABA

34.8 ± 19.9

36.8 ± 13.1

2.26 ± 0.79

10.4 ± 2.8

31 ± 12

NA

 FABA

36.5 ± 12.1

40.6 ± 13.8

2.29 ± 0.78

10.4 ± 3.2

28 ± 12

NA

 ICS

37.9 ± 13.5

2.35 ± 0.81

10.8 ± 3.5

26 ± 10

NA

 Total

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

3.325 ± 1.1

Sex (% female)

 ICS/FABA

66

59

38.2

48

39

NA

 FABA

72

58.5

39.3

45

72

NA

 ICS

57.5

41.8

42

52

NA

 Total

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

40.3

Number of dropout

 ICS/FABA

1

22

4

13

1

18b

 FABA

5

18

3

24

0

 ICS

17

2

9

3

12b

  1. ICS inhaled corticosteroids, FABA fast-onset-acting β2-agonist, ICS/FABA inhaled corticosteroids/fast-onset-acting β2-agonist
  2. aFrequent wheezing defined as a documented history of at least three episodes of wheezing requiring medical attention in the previous 6 months
  3. bTreatment failure criteria were met in a single 16-week treatment arm