Variables | Haahtela 2006 [27] | Papi 2007 [17] | Papi 2009 [30] | Martinez 2011 [29] | Lazarinis 2014 [28] | Fitzpatrick 2016 [26] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Countries | Finland and Sweden | Multinational | Italy | USA | Sweden and Norway | USA |
Study design | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial | Randomized, double-blind, parallel trial | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial |
Duration (weeks) | 24 | 24 | 12 | 44 | 6 | 16 |
Diagnostic criteria of asthma | GINA | The EPR-2 guideline | Frequent wheezinga | The EPR-3 guideline | GINA | The EPR-3 guideline |
Asthma severity | Intermittent | Mild | Mild | Mild | Mild | Mild |
Intervention | ICS/FABA regimen, budesonide/formoterol, 1 inhalation, 160/4.5 μg each as-needed; FABA regimen, formoterol, 1 inhalation, 4.5 μg, as-needed | ICS/FABA regimen, beclomethasone/salbutamol, 1 inhalation, 250/100 μg each, as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 1 inhalation, 100 μg each, as-needed; ICS regimen, beclomethasone, 1 inhalation, 250 μg each, twice daily | ICS/FABA regimen, beclomethasone/salbutamol, 1 vial nebulization, 800/1600 μg each, as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 1 vial nebulization, 2500 μg each, as-needed ICS, beclomethasone, 1 vial nebulization, 400 μg each, twice daily | ICS regimen, beclomethasone (HFA), 2 inhalations, 40 μg each, twice daily or as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 2 inhalations, 90 μg each, as-needed | ICS/FABA regimen, budesonide/formoterol, 1 inhalation, 200/6 μg each, as-needed; FABA regimen, terbutaline, 1 inhalation, 500 μg each, as-needed; ICS regimen, budesonide, 1 inhalation, 400 μg each, once daily | ICS regimen, fluticasone propionate, 2 inhalations, 44 μg each, twice daily or as-needed; FABA regimen, salbutamol, 2 inhalations, 90 μg each, as-needed |
Adherence of daily ICS | NA | 91.62% | 99.4% | 85% | 98.25% | 96% |
Beclomethasone equivalent consumption (μg/day, Mean ± SD) | ||||||
ICS/FABA | 162.8 | 110 ± 150.3 | 179.8 ± 256 | 30 | 203.75 ± 100 | 77.14 |
ICS | – | 458.1 ± 103.3 | 795.2 ± 81 | 170 | 491.25 ± 15 | 342.86 |
Number of patients | ||||||
ICS/FABA | 45 | 122 | 110 | 74 | 23 | NA |
FABA | 47 | 118 | 56 | 74 | 22 | NA |
ICS | – | 106 | 110 | 72 | 21 | NA |
Total | 92 | 346 | 276 | 220 | 66 | 300 |
Age (years, mean ± SD) | ||||||
ICS/FABA | 34.8 ± 19.9 | 36.8 ± 13.1 | 2.26 ± 0.79 | 10.4 ± 2.8 | 31 ± 12 | NA |
FABA | 36.5 ± 12.1 | 40.6 ± 13.8 | 2.29 ± 0.78 | 10.4 ± 3.2 | 28 ± 12 | NA |
ICS | – | 37.9 ± 13.5 | 2.35 ± 0.81 | 10.8 ± 3.5 | 26 ± 10 | NA |
Total | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.325 ± 1.1 |
Sex (% female) | ||||||
ICS/FABA | 66 | 59 | 38.2 | 48 | 39 | NA |
FABA | 72 | 58.5 | 39.3 | 45 | 72 | NA |
ICS | – | 57.5 | 41.8 | 42 | 52 | NA |
Total | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 40.3 |
Number of dropout | ||||||
ICS/FABA | 1 | 22 | 4 | 13 | 1 | 18b |
FABA | 5 | 18 | 3 | 24 | 0 | – |
ICS | – | 17 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 12b |